U4 AOS1 human development

human development

creating an environment where people can
-develop to full potential
-lead productive, creative lives according to needs and interests
-expand choices and enhance capabilities
-have access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living
-participate in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives

human development index

measures and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development

dimensions of HDI

a long and healthy life, knowledge, a decent standard of living

indicators of HDI

mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, gross national income per capita, life expectancy at birth

Economic characteristics of high income countries

-High avg incomes
-Lower levels of poverty
-Wide range of industries
-Opportunities for global trade

Environmental characteristics of high income countries

-Adequate infrastructure
-Adequate housing
-Food security
-Access to safe water and sanitation
-High levels of carbon dioxide emissions

Social characteristics of high income countries

-Developed health systems
-High levels of gender equality
-High levels of education
-Low birth rates/population
-High levels of employment

safe water

water that is not contaminated with pathogens or chemicals

discrimination

when a person or group is treated differently than other people

sanitation

provision of facilities and services for safe disposal of human urine and feces

Relative poverty

living on less than 50% of the country’s average income ​

Extreme poverty

living on less than PPP$2.15 per day

sustainability

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Economic sustainability

avg income in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future

social sustainability

creating an equitable society where all people can access social resources, both now and into the future

environmental sustainability

ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future

advantages of HDI

-composite statistic that takes multiple factors into account, beneficial for comparing countries and monitoring progress over time
-comparison is made easier as numerous statistics do not have to be sorted through

limitations of HDI

-based on averages, does not provide an indication of the inequalities that exist within countries
-equated with the 3 dimensions of HDI, neglects aspects such as freedoms, choices and capabilities

world trade

movement of goods for sale around the world

digital technologies impacts

-increases access to health care
-helps in staying connected with others, increase social networks
-ill health treated more quickly, reduces premature death

digital technologies

use of digital tools, platforms and devices in healthcare

mass migration

movement of large groups of people from one geographical area to another in response to a crisis

mass migration impacts

-interrupted schooling
-interrupted employment

tourism impacts

-tourism industry creates jobs and income
-with income families can send children to school

social sustainability impacts

-females will have the same opportunities as males
-live in peaceful communities free from conflict

economic sustainability impacts

-job creation and employment enables incomes to be generated, reducing poverty
-children will not be forced into labour due to poverty

environmental sustainability impacts

-access to clean water means more time for work and school instead of collecting water​
-sustainable fuels mean access to transport systems for future generations

world trade impacts

-increased consumption of processed foods, tobacco and e-cigarettes
-healthcare costs from illnesses caused by processed foods, tobacco and e-cigarettes

conflict

fight, battle, war or other armed conflict

conflict impacts

-destroys infrastructure such as schools and healthcare facilities, reducing education
-include physical injuries, higher maternal and infant mortality