Functional Anatomy exam 2

Sartorius

origin: ASIS

Flx. Abd. Er

anterior

Rectus femoris

origin: AIIS

Flx

anterior

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL)

located at pocket area

Flx. Ir. Abd.

anterior

Pectineus

Strong add. flx. Er

anterior

Iliacus

distal to lesser trochanter

flex. & Er

anterior

Psoas major

origin: the 5 lumbar vertebrae

mainly flx. assists Er & add.

anterior

Psoas minor

not considered a hip joint muscle

assists psoas major with flx of spine

anterior

Gluteus medius

lateral

mainly abd at hip joint

anterior portion: assists flx, & Ir

posterior portion: assists ext. & Er

Gluteus minimus

Abd. & Ir

anterior fibers assist flx.

lateral

Iliotibial band (IT)

lateral

thick connective tissue formed by TFL & fibers of gluteus maximus

stabilizes hip & knee

inserts at Gerdy’s tubercle

Gracilis

medial

only muscle in the group that crosses hip & knee

origon: pubic ramus

Add. & flx.

Adductor longus

medial

origin: pubis

Add. & flx.

Adductor brevis

medial

mainly add. assists in flx. & Er

Adductor magnus

medial

2 parts:

anterior: Add. Flx. Er

posterior: Add. Ext. Ir

Biceps femoris

posterior

hamstring

2 heads (long & short)

ext

Semimembranosus

posterior

hamstring

origon: ischeal tuberosity

Ext

Semitendinosus

posterior

hamstring

origin: ischial tuberosity

ext

Gluteus maximus

posterior

mainly ext.

assists in Er and Abd (sometimes Add)

Priformoris

passes through greaterr sciatic notch

Er

spasm, injury, or inflammation can impinge sciatic nerve

Gemellus superior

Er

Internal obturator

Er

Gemellus inferior

Er

Quadratus femoris

Er

External obturator

Er

Angle of inclination

measured in frontal plane

125-135 degrees

~150 at birth

~125 at skeletal maturity

Coxa Valgus

angle of inclination greater than 135

lengthens the limb

increases load on femoral head

can cause arthritis

Coxa Vara

angle of inclination less than 125

shortens the limb

increases load on femoral neck

more chance for fracture

greater trochanter is prominent

Angle of torsion

angle between femoral neck & condyle

normally rotated anteriorly 10-20 degrees

male: ~15

female: ~18

at birth: 30-40

Excessive anteversion

beyond 20 degrees

allows excessive medial rotation

compensation: walking with toes facing inward (IR of femur)

duckling gate

Retroversion

allows excessive lateral roation

compensation: walking with toes out (ER of femur)

knock knees