Macromolecules & Enzymes

Macromolecules

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules

Monomers

small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers

Ex: Brick

Polymers

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

Ex: Brick House

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipids

3. Proteins

4. Nucleic Acids

Types of Macromolecules

Short Term ENERGY

Structure / Support

What is the function of CARBOHYDRATES? (2)

Sugar and Starch (pasta, bread, fruit and veggies)

Where are CARBOHYDRATES found?

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

What elements are carbohydrates made of?

Monosaccharides

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides

What is the polymer of a carbohydrate?

4 calories per gram

(Body uses this first)

Amount of Energy in Carbohydrates

Long Term Energy Storage

cushioning organs,

insulation,

hormones,

cell membrane

What is the Function of LIPIDS? (5)

Fats

Oils

Cell Membrane

Steroids

Where can Lipids be found?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (2)

What elements make up lipids?

fatty acids

What is the monomer of lipids?

fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids, hormones

What are the polymers of LIPIDS?

9 calories per gram

When your body runs out of carbs, it will then break down lipids to get energy

How much energy in LIPIDS?

Cell Membrane

Where are phospholipids found?

Proteins

What is the most abundant and diverse macromolecule?

1. Enzymes control the rate of chemical reactions

2. Hormones regulate cell processes (ex. Insulin)

3. Used to form bones and muscles (ex. Collagen)

4. Transports substances in & out of cells (ex. Hemoglobin)

5. Antibodies help fight diseases

6. Food source (Ex. Casein in milk)

What is the function of PROTEINS (6 of them)

Meat, nuts, yogurt, beans (hemoglobin in blood, insulin)

Where can I find protein in food?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

What elements are in proteins?

Amino Acids

What is the monomer of proteins?

Polypeptide

What is the polymer of a protein?

4 calories per gram (last thing your body will use for energy)

What amount of energy is in PROTEIN?

Nucleic Acid

Macromolecule that stores & transmits hereditary or genetic information

DNA

RNA

ATP

(NOT in Food; get from your parents)

Where are NUCLEIC ACIDS found?

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Phosphorous

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What is the monomer of NUCLEIC ACIDS?

DNA

RNA

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

0 calories per gram

What amount of energy IS in NUCLEIC ACIDS?