Conventions, Reports, Protocols, Indian Schemes

Flashcards in Q&A format based on Environment & Ecology chapters, focusing on conventions, reports, protocols, and Indian schemes.

What is the significance of the Gandhinagar Declaration adopted during CMS COP13?

It called for integration of ecological connectivity in conservation strategies for migratory species.

Which species were added to Appendix I during CMS COP13 held in India?

Great Indian Bustard, Asian Elephant, and Bengal Florican.

In which year was the CITES convention enforced, and what is its primary objective?

1975; To ensure international trade in wild species does not threaten their survival.

Which Appendix of CITES deals with species not necessarily threatened with extinction but in which trade must be controlled?

Appendix II.

What are the major goals of the UNCBD?

Conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources.

Where is the Secretariat of the UNCBD located?

Montreal, Canada.

What is the Cartagena Protocol and when was it adopted?

It seeks to protect biodiversity from LMOs and was adopted in 2000.

What is the legal significance of the Nagoya Protocol (2010)?

It provides a framework for fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources.

What role does TRAFFIC play in wildlife conservation?

It monitors global trade in wild animals and plants to prevent threats to conservation.

Which agency governs the TRAFFIC network?

WWF and IUCN.

Which migratory species are commonly seen in India?

Amur Falcons, Bar-headed Geese, Black-necked Cranes, Dugongs, Humpbacked Whales.

What is the theme and mascot of CMS COP13?

Theme: Migratory species connect the planet; Mascot: The Great Indian Bustard.

What is the Kunming Biodiversity Fund?

A Chinese pledge of USD 233 million to support biodiversity in developing countries.

What is the role of the UN Forum on Forests?

Promotes sustainable forest management; composed of all UN Member States.

Which report states that G20 nations contribute to 75% of global GHG emissions?

Emission Gap Report 2022 by UNEP.

Which countries ranked above India in the CCPI 2022?

Denmark, Sweden, Chile, Morocco.

What are the categories of green crackers approved by CSIR?

SWAS, STAR, SAFAL.

What is the Bonn Challenge and how much land has India pledged to restore?

A global land restoration effort; India pledged to restore 21 million ha by 2030.

Under which act was EIA given statutory backing in India?

Environment Protection Act, 1986.

What are the four steps of EIA process after 2006?

Screening, scoping, public hearing, and appraisal.

What is the classification criteria between Category A and Category B projects under EIA?

Category A: National level appraisal; Category B: State level; B1 requires EIA, B2 does not.

What change was introduced for bulk drug manufacturers under the EIA 2006 amendment?

Recategorized as B2, exempting them from mandatory EIA temporarily.

What are some key parameters assessed in EIA?

Impacts on fauna, air/water quality, occupational safety, protected areas, displacement.

Which protocol under UNCBD deals with biosafety?

Cartagena Protocol.

What species falls under Appendix I of CITES from India?

Indian Swamp Deer (Barasingha).

What is the role of the CMS (Bonn Convention)?

Legal platform for conservation of migratory species and their habitats.

Who prepares the licensing system under CITES implementation?

National Management and Scientific Authorities.

Which summit launched the Adaptation of African Agriculture and mid-century strategies?

Marrakech (COP-22), 2016.

What was the outcome of COP-26 Glasgow conference for India?

5 commitments including net-zero by 2070 and 500 GW non-fossil capacity by 2030.

Which countries were declared as Migratory Species Champions in CMS COP13?

Germany, India, Italy, Monaco, Norway, EU, Environmental Agency of Abu Dhabi.

What does the term 'Green Skill' refer to in Indian environmental policy?

Skill sets needed for sustainable development and environment conservation jobs.

What is the objective of the 'Nagar Van Scheme'?

To develop 200 Urban Forests across India in cities with Municipal Corporations.

What are the objectives of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)?

To promote hybrid and electric vehicles and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Which Indian ministry oversees the 'Fly Ash Utilization' program?

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

What is the objective of the 'Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA)' scheme?

To promote efficient lighting and reduce electricity bills through LED distribution.

Which national policy promotes waste-to-energy through refuse-derived fuel?

Swachh Bharat Mission and Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.

What are the indicators used in the Adaptation Gap Report?

Finance, planning, implementation of adaptation projects, and climate risk assessments.

What does the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2020 draft propose?

Post-facto approvals, reduced public consultation window, and exempting strategic projects.

Which organization releases the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) reports?

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

What are the objectives of the Plastic Parks scheme in India?

To establish ecosystem for plastic recycling and waste management industries.

What are the eligibility criteria for the Compensatory Afforestation Fund?

Funds collected for diversion of forest land to non-forest use, used for afforestation.

What is India's commitment under the 30x30 Global Biodiversity Framework target?

To protect 30% of its land and marine ecosystems by 2030.

Which species listed under CMS Appendix I were prioritized for habitat corridors in India?

Asian Elephant, Great Indian Bustard, and Dugong.

What was the key outcome of COP-15 UNCBD at Montreal (2022)?

Agreement on Global Biodiversity Framework including conservation, finance and monitoring goals.

Which Indian city hosted the first-ever World Sustainable Development Summit?

New Delhi, organized by TERI.

Which Ministry oversees the Green Credit Programme launched in 2023?

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

Which is India's first CITES-listed turtle sanctuary?

Turtle Wildlife Sanctuary, Varanasi.

Which policy initiative in India promotes circular economy principles?

National Resource Efficiency Policy (Draft 2019).

What are the goals of the Resource Efficiency Circular Economy (RECE) industry coalition?

Enhance material efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and promote reuse/recycling.