EXP 14: Bile

Bile

Liver secretion that is viscid and greenish-brown

Liver

What part of the body excretes bile?

1. Bile Acids

2. Bile Pigments

3. Inorganic Salts

4. Cholesterol

Important constituents of bile

False (Bile is alkaline/basic.)

True or False: Bile is acidic.

Turns blue

What is the reaction of bile with red litmus paper?

Slightly Pink (indicates its basic)

What is the reaction of bile with phenolphthalein?

Remains red (since did not turn blue, indicates bile is NOT acidic)

What is the reaction of bile with congo red?

1. Fusion Mixture (2 Na2CO3 : 1 KNO3)

2. Nitric Acid (HNO3)

What is the bile added to before being tested for Inorganic Constituents?

2 Na2CO3 : 1 KNO3

Identify the components of fusion mixture.

• Chloride

• Sulfate

• Phosphate

What are the inorganic constituents of Bile?

1. Nitric Acid (HNO3)

2. Silver Nitrate (AgNO3)

What are the reagents for the test for chloride?

1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

2. Barium Chloride (BaCl2)

What are the reagents for the test for sulfate?

1. Nitric Acid (HNO3)

2. Ammonium Molybdate ((NH4)2MoO4)

What are the reagents for the test for phosphate?

Silver Chloride (AgCl)

What is the product from the test for chlorides?

Barium Sulfate (BaSO4)

What is the product from the test for sulfate?

Ammonium Phosphomolybdate ((NH4)3PO4•12MoO3)

What is the product from the test for phosphate?

1. Gmelin’s Test

2. Rosenbach’s Modification of Gmelin’s Test

Identify the tests for Bile Pigments

No

Yes or No: Gmelin’s Test is a test for Bile Acids and Bile Salts.

Nitric Acid (HNO3)

What is/are the reagent(s) of the Gmelin’s Test?

Green, Blue, Violet, Red, Reddish-Yellow Color

What is the result of the Gmelin’s Test?

1:50

What is the ratio of dilute bile in Rosenbach’s modification of Gmelin’s Test?

Oxidation

Identify the reaction of Gmelin’s Test.

Gmelin’s Test

Test for presence of bile in urine

Sucrose-Sulfuric Acid Test

Another name for the Pettenkofer’s Test?

1. Sucrose

2. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

What are the reagents of Pettenkofer’s Test?

Red

What is the result of the Pettenkofer’s Test?

Dehydrating Agent

What does H2SO4 act as in Pettenkofer’s Test?

Hydroxymethylenefurfural

What does the bile salt react with in Pettenkofer’s Test?

Pettenkofer’s Test/Sucrose-Sulfuric Acid Test

Qualitative test for presence of bile salts (or bile acids) in urine

1. Pettenkofer’s Test/Sucrose-Sulfuric Acid Test

2. Foam Test

3. Hay’s Test of Surface Tension

What are the tests for Bile Salts and Bile Acids?

1. Furfural

2. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

What are the reagents of the Foam Test?

Condensation

What is the reaction that occurs in the Foam Test?

Pink

What is the color of the foam?

Hay’s Test of Surface Tension

Clinical test for jaundice

False (Sinking powdered sulfur indicates the presence of bile.)

True or False: Floating powdered sulfur indicates the presence of bile.

1. Ether

2. Chloroform (CHCl3)

3. Acetic Anhydride ((CH3CO)2O)

4. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

What are the reagents for testing Cholesterol in Bile?

Libermann-Burchard Test/Acetic-Anhydride-H2SO4 Test

What is the test for cholesterol in bile?

Solution becomes red, blue, then bluish-green

What is the result of cholesterol in bile?

Libermann Buchard Test/Acetic Anhydride-H2SO4 Test

Qualitative Determination of Cholesterol

Gallstones

What can develop if there is excessive cholesterol in the bile?