Module 22: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Acid

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution

hydronium ions

positively charged and have the formula H3O+

indicator

A compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base

Common Acids

hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid

Bases

Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Hydroxide ions

negative ions of OH--; can be produced when bases are dissolved in solution

properties of bases

taste bitter , slippery to the touch, can be poisonous & corrosive, release OH- ions in water

property of acids

tasting sour, dissolving in metal, and turning blue litmus paper red

Common bases

Household cleaners, baking soda, plaster, soft soaps, laundry detergent, bleach

strong acid

an acid that ionizes completely in water

weak acid

an acid that is only slightly ionized in water

Strong base

A base that dissociates completely into ions in solution.

weak base

A base that does not dissociate completely into ions in solution.

Strength vs concentration

Strength is a measure of the degree of dissociation of an acid or base in solution, independent of its concentration.

Concentration refers to the amount of solute per quantity of solution.

Strong vs weak describes

Strength

Diluted vs. Concentrated describes

Concentration

pH of a solution

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions it contains

Buffers

solution containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH

Neutralization

a chemical reaction in which and acid and a base form a salt in water

salt

An ionic compound made from the neutralization of an acid with a base.

Titration

A solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.

soap

salt of a fatty acid