bsc2010 chapter 4 nucleic acids

nucleoside

nitrogenous base + sugar, found in nucleotides

nucleotide

“monomers” that make up poly______________; made up of a phosphate group, a pentose (5-carbon sugar), and a nitrogenous base

• nucleoside + phosphate group

polynucleotides

“polymers” are called

nitrogenous base

pyrimidines and purines are these

pyrimidine

single six-membered ring; cytosine, thymine, uracil

purines

six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring; adenine, guanine

sugars

deoxyribose is found in DNA, while ribose is found in RNA

phosphodiester bonds

nucleotides are joined covalently this way, the hydroxyl (OH) group on the 3’ carbon joins to the phosphate on the 5’ carbon to the other nucleotide

antiparallel

2 backbones run opposite 5’ → 3’ and 3’ → 5’ in the other direction, known as _____________

grffith

transformation principle; scientist

avery, mccarty, macleod

transformation from dna; scientists

hershey and chase

used bacteriophage to find DNA is inheritable; scientists

chargaff

every organisms DNA must have an equal number of TA and GC bases, also known as ________’s rule; scientist

wilkins and franklin

first photo of DNA, photo 51; scientists

watson and circk

DNA has to be in the order of pyrimidine→purine… double helix, antiparallel strands, 5’→3’ and 3’→5’; scientists

messelsm and stahl

DNA is semi-conservative and contains an old strand and a new strand; scientists

hydrogen bonds

there are:

• 2 ____________ found A→T

• 3 ____________ found G→C