AP Human Geography Unit 2 - Population Vocabulary

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the total number of deaths in a year

demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Demography

the scientific study of population characteristics

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Elderly Support Ratio

The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older.

Epidemiologic Transition

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Epidemiology

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

infant mortality rate

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)

Medical Revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives

Natural Increase Rate

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Pandemic

Psychological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land

Population Pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Sex ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population

Total fertility rate

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Zero Population Growth

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Asylum Seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people

Chain Migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Circular Migration

The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment

Counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries

Desertification

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

Emigration

Migration from a location

Floodplain

An area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends

Forced Migration

permanent movement, compelled by cultural or environmental factors

Guest Worker

A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country

Internally Displaced Person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

Intervening Obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country

Migration Transition

A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

Mobility

All types of movements between locations

Net Migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

Pull factor

a factor that induces people to move to a new location

Push Factor

A factor that induces people to move out of their present location

Quota

In reference to migration, a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Refugee

Someone who is forced to migrate from his or her home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Remittance

transfer of money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated

Unauthorized Immigration

A person who enters a country without proper documents to do so

Voluntary Immigration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice