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LAB 16: JOINTS
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49 Terms
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Joints
structures in the skeleton where two or more bones join together
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Fibrous Joints
fibrous connective tissue tightly binds the articulation bones
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Types of Fibrous Joints
suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis
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Suture
joint between two flat bones
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Syndesmosis
bands of fibrous tissue that bind bones
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Gomphosis
fibrous membrane that connects each tooth to its socket in a jaw's alveolar process
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Example of syndesmosis
between tibia and fibula
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Cartilaginous Joints
formed when a mass of cartilage joins bones
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Types of Cartilaginous Joints
synchondrosis, symphisis
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Synchondrosis
hyaline cartilage that connects bones
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Example of synchondrosis
costal cartilage connection between a rib and the sternum
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Symphysis
fibrocartilage that forms the joint
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Example of symphysis
symphysis pubis, joining left and right coxae, or between bodies of vertebrae
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Synovial Joints
diarthrotic (freely moveable joints) composed of ligaments and other connective structures and lined with a lubricating synovial membrane
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Types of Synovial Joints
gliding, hinge, ellipsoid (condyloid), pivot, saddle, ball-and-socket
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Gliding
two flat surfaces that slide past eachother
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Example of gliding
between two carpal bones
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Hinge
two bones joined so that they can move in one plane only
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Example of hinge
elbow or knee
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Ellipsoid
oval condyle that fits into an oval fossa allowing movement in two planes
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Example of ellipsoid
between metatarsals and phalanges of the foot
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Pivot
one bone that pivots on the axis of another, allowing rotation
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Example of pivot
atlas and axis
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Saddle
two saddle-shaped processes that fit together to allow movement in two planes
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Example of saddle
between the thumb's metatarsal and the trapezium of the wrist.
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Ball-and-Socket
a ball-shaped process that fits into a rounded fossa, allowing almost unrestricted movement
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Example of ball-and-socket
between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
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Getting Help Prepares Every Student Better
gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball-and-socket- synovial joints
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Flexion
decreasing the angle of a joint
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Extension
increasing the angle of a joint
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Hyperextension
moving a joint beyond its normal range
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Dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or the toes upward (superiorly)
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Plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground ( inferiorly)
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Protraction
moving a part anteriorly (front) along a horizontal plane
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Retraction
moving a part backward
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Abduction
movement away from the midline
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Adduction
moving an appendage's distal end toward the midsaggital plane
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Inversion
turning inward
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Eversion
turning outward
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Circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end-cone shaped sweep
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Rotation
moving a bone on its axis, as if on a pivot or axle
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Pronation
turning the palm downward
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Supination
palm facing up
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Elevation
raising a body part
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Depression
lowering a body part
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Saggital plane movements
flexion, extension, hyperextension, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, protraction, retraction
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Frontal (corronal) plane movements
abduction, adduction, inversion, eversion
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Circular movements
circumduction, rotation, pronation, supination
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Special movements
elevation and depression