Cell Test 2

Photosynthesis Chemical Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Carbohydrate

Starches and Sugars that provide short term energy to the body.

Lipid

Fats that provide long term energy for the body. Lipids are important molecules that often make up membranes in the cell.

Protein

Proteins have many unique functions. Proteins repair and build body tissues, allow metabolic reactions to take place (enzymes), coordinate body functions such as waste removal, protect the body from pathogens (immune system).

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acids carry the genetic blueprint for the cell and carry instructions for the function of the cell. (DNA & RNA).

Inputs of Photosynthesis (Reactants)

Carbon Dioxide, Water, Light Energy

Outputs of Photosynthesis (Products)

Oxygen, Glucose

Inputs of Cellular Respiration (Reactants)

Glucose, Oxygen

Outputs of Cellular Respiration (Products)

Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell. The mitochondria takes Oxygen and Glucose and turns it into ATP, or usable energy for the cell. (Plant and Animal).

Chloroplast

The organelle responsible for converting Carbon Dioxide, Water and Light energy into Glucose and Oxygen for the cell. (Plants only).

Cell Membrane

Primarily composed of Phospholipids. The cell membrane is a semi-permeable bilayer.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.

Facilitaed Diffusion

Diffusion that requires a helper protein. Allows large or charged molecules to cross the cell membrane (water, glucose).

Hypertonic Solution

Low solute concentration.

Hypotonic Solution

High solute concentration.

Isotonic Solution

Equal solute concentration in solution and in cell.

Cholesterol

Prevents the cell membrane from becoming too solid or too liquid.

Lipid Chemical Structure

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Carbohydrate Chemical Structure

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Protein Chemical Structure

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Nucleic Acid Chemical Structure

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous

Biomolecules

Lipid, Carbohydrate, Protein, Nucleic Acid

Monomer of Protein

Amino Acid

Polymer of Protein

Polypeptide

Monomer of Carbohydrate

Monosaccharide

Polymer of Carbohydrate

Polysaccharide

Monomer of Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

Diffusion

Random movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration (oxygen, carbon dioxide).

Passive Transport

Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis. Requires no energy from the cell to complete.

Transport Proteins

Required during Facilitated Diffusion. Proteins span the cell membrane and allow large or charged molecules across the cell membrane. (Aquaporin, Ion Channel, Glycoproteins, Carrier Proteins).

Homeostasis

Cells must maintain stable internal conditions. All living cells have mechanisms that allow them to control the internal environment.