Lecture 1 - malformations

Potter syndrome causes what anomaly

bilateral renal agenesis

prognosis bilateral renal agenesis

no survival long after birth

presentation symptoms of unilateral renal agenesis

asymptomatic unless patho of kidney

supernumerary kidney has a risk of

htn

renal aplasia

kidney failed to develop beyond primitive form, incompatible w/ life if bilateral → HTN

renal hypoplasia

incomplete dev of kidney but normal dev of ureter, diminished or absent kidney fxn

treatment of renal hypoplasia

nephrectomy if HTN

renal hyperplasia

enlarged v with normal structure and increased fxnal capacity, associated w/ agenesis/hypoplasia of other kidney

indications for surgery of solitary renal cyst

cyst infection, hemorrhagic cyst, compression

ARPKD vs ADPKD

AD - symptoms bw 30 and 40

AR - symptoms after birth

cause PKD

deficiency of dev of collector tubes

PKD symptoms

pain, htn, hematuria, stones, UTI, KF

lab results PKD

increased urea and creatinine, anemia, less urine density

pos diagnosis PKD

genetic mutation, enlarged nonregular surfaced kidney, signs, imaging

prevention of pkd with diet

low salt or protein, more water

surgical treatment pkd

bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplant, dialysis

horsehoe kidney

2 renal masses united at inf pole, kidney is lower, ureters cross isthmus, abnormal vasc, renal pelvis faces ant

presentation horseshoe kidney

asymptomatic but susceptible to complications - utis, stones, hydronephrosis

what imaging used to diagnose horseshoe kidney

US

surgery name for horseshoe kidney

symphysiotomy

renal ectopia

cranial.caudal position

______ is when the kidney stays on the same side and ________- is when it passes on the other side

direct ectopy

cross ectopy

ureteropelvic jxn syndrome etiology

intrinsic obstruction by maldev, aberrant vessels crosses jxn

effects of ureteropelvic jxn syndrome

hydronephrosis

surgery for ureteropelvic jxn syndrome

laparoscopic pyeloplasty

complications laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic jxn syndrome

bleeding, injury, seroma/hematomas, urinary fistulas

treatment for ureter stenosis at UPJ w/ hydronephrosis

pyeloplasty

treatment ureter stenosi at jxn

incision ureter, re-implantation

causes megaureter

obstruction (stenosis), bladder ureter reflux

ureterocele

cystic dilatation of terminal part of ureter

symptoms ureterocele

asymptomatic or utis, hematuria, lithiasis

IVU for ureterocele shows

cobra head shape

retrocaval ureter

crosses VC at L3, compressed ureter → ureteral and renal pelvis dilatation

presence of _______ can be a cause of urinary incontinence in kids

ectopic orifices