Functional Anatomy - (Chapter 1 Quiz)

The Origin is the

attachment that moves the least

the origin is usually

usually proximal

Insertion is the

more moveable attachment

insertion is usually

usually distal

palpation is

the use of physical touch to identify structures

Kinesiology is

the study of anatomy and mechanics in relation to human movment

kinetic chains are either

open or closed

open chain means

free moment of distal segment in space

closed kinetic chains are

a fixed position (like hands pushing a cart)

Open kinetic is

not a fixed position, a free flow of movement (a conductor of an orchestra)

tensile force is

pulling

compressive force is

pushing

the movement arm is

the lever arm

the distance from a joint in the muscle

there are how many lever systems in the body

3 of them

how to remember the lever class?

Whichever is in the middle is going to determine the class

if the joint is in the middle what class is it?

first class lever

if the resistance (or load) is in the middle, what class is it?

second class lever

If the muscle (effort) is in the middle it is a

third class lever

think of a first class lever as a

seesaw

think of a second class lever as a

wheelbarrow

Think of a third class lever as

shoveling

effort is made in the

in the muscle

in a first class lever the

exerted force and resistive force are on opposite ends of the axis

in a second class lever the

resistive force is closer to the axis than the exerted force

the third class lever is the

most common lever

biomechanics does what

examines the structure, function, and motion of the biological systems that make up a living organism

The bone is made of

calcium and collagen

collagen is for

flexibility

bone is a

living tissue

bone responds to

stress and load

Osteoarthritis is

the degeneration of cartilage within a joint

ligaments do what

connect bone to bone

ligaments are important for

joint stability

tendons do what

connect muscle to bone

tendons are important for

transferring force

low bone density leads to

more fractures, as weightbearing becomes more difficult

what are the 3 types of muscle?

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

skeletal muscle does what

moves the bones of skeleton

provides force for purposeful movement

Skeletal muscle example

biceps brachii

upper trapezius

cardiac muscle does what

forms the myocardium

cardiac muscle example

heart

myocardium

the smooth muscle is

an involuntary muscle

smooth muscle is found

in internal organs (intestines and vessels)

Muscle when contracted is

being pulled

muscles are stronger when

closer together (think lifting)

hypertonia is

muscle with increased tone (highly contracted)

phasic stretch reflex does what

activates agonist muscle

agonist muscle is the

muscle producing desired motion

slow twitch fibers are

type 1 fibers

low force over a long period of time

more resistant to fatigue

when thinking slow twitch fibers think

a slow marathon runner

fast twitch fibers are

type 2 fibers

powerful contractions

when thinking fast twitch fibers think

sprinting when your scared

the agonist muscle is the

the working muscle (prime mover)

the antagonist muscle is the

the contrasting muscle

The muscle has to have __

have a joint to cross over for motion

The isometric contraction is

a contraction with no change in length

the isotonic contraction is

a contraction with change in muscle length and joint motion

eccentric is

lengthening

concentric is

shortening

Example of ball-and-socket joint

the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Example of ellipsoid joint

wrist (radiocarpal joint)

Example of hinge joint

Elbow (humeroulnar joint)

example of saddle joint

thumb (carpometacarpal joint)

example of gliding joint

the carpal bones of the wrist

example of pivot joint

vertebrae in neck (atlantoaxial joint)

osteokinematics is

the gross movement of bones in relation to another

Arthokinematics is

internal joint matters

arthokinematics involves

accessory motions that cannot be achieved by voluntary muscle force

arthokinematics are

small detailed movements of joints