apwh - chapter 2

flashcards for chapter 2

abbasid caliphate

• the third Islamic caliphate (Islamic government led by a caliph/leader) was established in 750 CE

• was established after a revolt against the Umayyad dynasty

al-andalus

• the territories of the Iberian Peninsula that were under Muslim rule from the early 8th century until the late 15th century

• established after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 AD

angkor wat

• a massive temple complex located in Cambodia, originally constructed in the early 12th century as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu

• Over time, it transformed into a Buddhist temple

aztec empire

• powerful mesoamerican civilization that emerged in central Mexico from 14th to 16th century

buddhism

• spiritual and philosophical tradition founded in the 5th to 8th century BCE by siddhartha guatama

bureaucracy

• government run through various departments and administrators.

bushido

• the “way of the warrior,” referring to the martial values of the Japanese samurai, including bravery, loyalty, and an emphasis on death over surrender.

byzantine emprie

• one of the main centers of Christendom during the medieval centuries, the Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the eastern portion of the Roman Empire. It lasted for a thousand years after the collapse of Roman rule in the West, until its conquest by Muslim forces in 1453

constantinople

new capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire; Constantinople’s highly defensible and economically important site helped ensure the city’s cultural and strategic importance for many centuries.

dar al-islam

• “house of islam”

• regions where Islam is the dominant religion and can be practiced freely

eastern orthodox christianity

• branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and separated from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe

european renaissance

• a “rebirth” of classical learning that is often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy in the period 1350–1500 and that included not just a rediscovery of Greek and Roman learning but also major developments in art

• It spread to Northern Europe after 1400

feudalism

• a social, economic, and political system that dominated medieval Europe

• where land was granted in exchange for loyalty and service.

foot binding

• traditional Chinese practice that involved tightly wrapping the feet of young girls to alter their foot shapes because it was considered attractive

grand canal

• a large waterway system in China that was constructed to make trades and transportation between the country's northern and southern regions easier.

• completed during the Sui Dynasty and expanded in later dynasties.

• canal played a crucial role in connecting major cities & enhancing economic prosperity

hangul

• a phonetic alphabet developed in Korea in the fifteenth century in a move toward greater cultural independence from China

ibn battuta

inca empire

• the Western Hemisphere’s largest imperial state in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.

• Built by a small community of Quechua-speaking people/the Incas

• contained ~10 M ppl

indigenous

• indigenous people are the original inhabitants of a region, often possessing unique cultures, languages, and social structures

• faced challenges bc of colonization and stuff

janissary

jizya

kieven rus

madjapahit

mali

manorial system

maya civilization

mita system

ottoman empire

quipu

roman catholic church

samurai

serfdom

social class

srivijaya

sultanate of delhi

swahili civilization

trans-saharan slave trade

tribute system

western christendom