PER DEV 11 - Cognitive Development Theory and Moral Development Theory

1ST SEM (I suggest looking at other peoples own notes just incase)

Cognitive Development Theory

is how individuals grow through a dynamic process in which the body's internal systems interact with the environment. maturation, experiences, transfer of attitude, information, or customs

Jean Piaget

founder of the cognitive development theory

Education

is a key element to cognitive development

Equilibrium

the process of achieving a state of balance

Sensorimotor

1st stage where the child explores the world with senses - touch, sight, etc. they learn how to crawl, grab, suck. they have their own mental images and object permanence. birth-2 years

Pre-operational

2nd stage where they learn language, how to imitate, become egocentric and has symbolic thoughts, they question alot

Concrete-operational

3rd stage that can do basic computation and the concepts of reversing, classification, etc. they also become less egocentric. 8-11 years

Formal-operational

4th stage, where they are no longer dependent and can analyze properly. 11-15 years

Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete-operational, and formal-operational

4 stages of cognitive development theory

Moral Development Theory

explores how individuals/children understand right and wrong and develop a sense of morality

Lawrence Kohlberg

founder of the moral development theory

Morality

the ability to distinguish right from wrong and to behave accordingly

punishment or obedience and mutual benefit/reward orientation

2 stages of pre-conventional

social approval/good boy-good girl orientation and law and order/authority orientation

2 stages of conventional

social contract orientation and universal ethical principles

2 stages of post-conventional

punishment or obedience

the 1st stage where people obey rules to avoid punishment; morality is based only on consequences.

mutual benefit/reward orientation

the 2nd stage where people make decisions based on "what's in it for me?"

social approval/good boy-good girl orientation

the 3rd stage where people care about living up to others expectations

law and order/authority orientation

the 4th stage where people follow rules to keep society stable and fair; right and wrong are based on what maintains order for the group.

social contract orientation

the 5th stage where people see rules as agreements that can change if they're unfair. morality is based on fairness, equality, and protecting rights.

universal ethical principles

the last stage where people follow their own inner principles of justice and dignity. willing to go against rules if they conflict with what's ethically right.

punishment or obedience, mutual benefit, social approval, law and order, social contract orientation, and universal ethical princples

the 6 stages of moral development theory (without the other name of the stage)

Egocentric

having difficulty seeing things from another person’s perspective; focused only on one’s own viewpoint.

Symbolic thought

is where the child continues to develop using mental images and begins to use symbols to represent what he or she knows

Object permanence

an object continues to exist even if it is no longer seen