apush ch 6 25-26 boone

the shotgun is already in my jaw

George III

(1738-1820) British monarch during the run-up to the American Revolution, George III contributed to the imperial crisis with his dogged insistence on asserting Britain’s power over her colonial possessions.

Sam Adams

(1722-1803) Boston revolutionary who organized Massachusetts committees of correspondence to help sustain opposition to British policies. A delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses, Adams continued to play a key role throughout the Revolutionary and early national periods, later serving as governor of his home state.

John Hancock

(1737-1793) Boston smuggler owned the sloop Liberty, prominent leader of the colonial resistance, who served as president of the Second Continental Congress. In 1780 Hancock became the first governor of Massachusetts, a post he held with only a brief intermission until his death.

George Greenville

(1712-1770) British prime minister who fueled tensions between Britain and her North American colonies through his strict enforcement of Navigation Laws and his support for the Sugar and Stamp Acts.

Quartering Act of 1765

Required colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. Many colonists resented the act, which they perceived as an encroachment on their rights

Sugar Act of 1764

Duty on imported sugar from the West Indies. It was the first tax levied on the colonists by the crown and was lowered substantially in response to widespread protests.

Stamp Act of 1765

Britain taxed specific goods, ( paper, money, newspapers, cards, etc)

Patrick Henry

(1736-1799) American revolutionary and champion of states’ rights, Henry became a prominent antifederalist during the ratification debate, opposing what he saw as despotic tendencies in the new national constitution.

Virginia Resolves

A series of proposals written by Patrick Henry, which called for a degree of colonial self-government that went beyond more moderate proposals

Declaratory Act

Passed alongside the repeal of the Stamp Act, it reaffirmed Parliament’s unqualified sovereignty over the North American colonies.

Ebenezer Richardson

British Customs agent who was convicted of killing Christopher Seider

Christopher Seider

11 year old boy who was shot and killed by Ebenezer Richardson

Crispus Attucks

(1723-1770) Runaway slave and leader of the Boston protests that resulted in the "Boston Massacre," in which Attucks was among the five individuals killed.

Charlie Townshend

(1725-1767) British prime minister whose ill-conceived duties on the colonies, the Townshend Acts, sparked fierce protests in the colonies and escalated the imperial conflict.

New York Suspending Act

Suspended New York's assembly due to their failure to enforce quartering acts

Committees of Correspondence

Local committees established across Massachusetts, and later in each of the thirteen colonies, to coordinate colonial opposition to British policies through the exchange of letters and pamphlets.

John Adams

(1735-1826) American revolutionary, statesman, and second president of the United States. He was a Boston lawyer who defended the British officers charged over the events of the Boston Massacre. One of the more radical patriots on the eve of the Revolution, Massachusetts-born Adams helped guide the Continental Congress toward a declaration of independence from Britain. From 1778 to 1788, Adams involved himself with international diplomacy, serving as minister to France, Britain, and the Netherlands. After serving as Washington’s vice president, he was elected president in his own right in 1796. Adams’s administration suffered from Federalist infighting, international turmoil, and domestic uproar over the Alien and Sedition Acts, all of which contributed to his defeat in the election of 1800. He was also the father of John Quincy Adams, who would become the 6th President.

Lord North

(1732-1792) Tory prime minister and pliant aide to George III from 1770 to 1782. North’s ineffective leadership and dogged insistence on colonial subordination contributed to the American Revolution.

Ben Franklin

(1706-1790) American printer, inventor, statesman, and revolutionary. Franklin first established himself in Philadelphia as a leading newspaper printer, inventor, and author of Poor Richard’s Almanac. Franklin later became a leading revolutionary and signatory of the Declaration of Independence. During the Revolutionary War, Franklin served as commissioner to France, securing that nation’s support for the American cause.

Suffolk Resolves

A declaration of colonial grievances which openly called for resistance to the British.

General Thomas Gage

British General who was ordered to take the Colonists amassed militia equipment in Concord. After the American Militia met the British Army at Lexington and Concord, which resulted in the British getting repelled back to Boston, Gage would lead the British army through the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston before being recalled to London

Paul Revere

A Silver Smith and American militia commander who led the infamous Midnight Ride. Revere would end up getting arrested for the ride, causing Doc to have to complete his rounds. Revere's early warning allowed for the Minutemen and Militiamen to ready themselves for the coming British Army

Lord Dunmore

(ca. 1730-1809) Royal governor of Virginia who, in 1775, promised freedom to runaway slaves who joined the British army.

Boston Massacre

March 5th, 1770 - Started by a dispute between a wig maker's apprentice and a British Army commander. The dispute eventually led to a Mob amassing outside the Boston Common House. As the day turned to Night, The crowd got more rowdy, throwing snowballs and iceballs. Eventually, the British have colonists putting their chests to the muskets daring them to fire. The British commander reportedly told his men not to fire, but his men fired away, killing 8, wounding 13.

Boston Tea Party

December 16th, 1773 - Response to the 1773 passage of the Tea Act. The British passed the Tea Act to try and boost the value of the British East India Company, which was in crisis and had seen its stock value collapse. The Tea Act removed British tariffs from tea sold in the colonies by the British East India Company, so while it sold cheap tea to the colonies, the Company cut out local merchants and smugglers. Colonists responded by dressing in poor costumes and dumping cases of tea into Boston harbor, worth nearly $2M in today’s money.

Lexington and Concord

April 19th, 1775 - Fighting at Lexington and Concord between Colonist Malitamen and Minutemen against the British Army

The two reasons that the British North American Colonists were more prone to look for corruption in the British Monarchy.

Republicanism and

The two parts of the Stamp and Sugar Acts that the colonists said violated their rights as Englishmen.

The right of trial by jury of peers was taken from the colonists and they were taxed unfairly while not being allowed to have representatives in parliament.

“Virtual Representation”

The British theory that members of Parliament represented the interests of all British subjects, including the American colonists, regardless of whether colonists elected their own representatives.

British Strengths

Strong Military(World’s strongest Navy, with well-trained soldiers who had just fought in the French-Indian war), Wealthy(Access to wealth, manufacturing and supplies which were greater in number than the colonists), Experienced Leadership: Many British officers fought in other conflicts in Europe, Allies: Had money to hire Hessians, along with spies and support from loyalists in Britain

British Weaknesses

Geographic distance from Britain increased time between supplies, communications and reinforcements. This made for extremely long supply lines which made supply lines vulnerable to attacks. Unfamiliar Land: Most British troops had never been to the Colonies, and did not know the terrain well but had to move men and supplies. Lack of Motivation: Most British troops and citizens did not care about the revolution. Divided Focus: Britain could not send its Best troops to the Colonies due to having to protect its empire.

American Strengths

Familiarity: Knew the terrain and could exploit that knowledge by using guerrilla tactics. Motivation: Strong motivation to fight for independence, freedom and their way of life. Leadership: Gen. George Washington and other experienced leaders had fought in the French-Indian War, so they knew how to fight in the New World and could keep morale up. Foreign Allies: Later in the War, Spain and France both joined on the side of the Americans, which provided weapons, supplies, ships and troops to help the Americans. No Central capital city to capture

American Weaknesses

Lack of resources early on. American lacked the industry of the English, so they had fewer weapons, little to no money, and a shortage of supplies. Weak Navy/Army: American troops were not as well-supplied, as well prepared, or as well trained compared to the British. Political Division: Colonists were divided on which side they supported (Torys vs Whigs). Short Enlistments: Most soldiers who had enlisted were signed only for one year.

The Intolerable Acts

1. Boston Port Act (1774)-Closed the Port of Boston 2. Massachusetts Government Act (1774)- brought the government of Mass. under the direct rule of the British Crown and limited the power of the Town Halls 3. Admission of Justice Act; (Murder Act) (1774) Royal Officials could move trial from Mass. to London, which Colonists protested that it violated the right of a trial by a jury of your peers 4. Quartering Act (1774) Allowed the British Army to put British Soldiers in your house on command “5.” Quebec Act (1774)-Extended Quebec into Ohio River Valley, (not part of the 4 intolerable acts but still annoyed the colonists, still need to list with the others for the test.)

The Boston Tea Party Essay

December 7th, 1773. 116 of the sons of liberty left the old courthouse disguised as mohawk indians. They broke into Griffons wharf, and boarded the Elenor the Beaver and the Dartmouth. In about three hours they dumped 342 crates of tea worth around 2 million dollars into the Boston harbor, after their “party,” the cleaned the decks of the ships and left griffons wharf, the next day the sons of liberty sent a locksmith to fix the lock they had to break to get into the wharf, showing their attack as very civil and targeted only at the unwanted British tea.

The Boston Massacre Essay

March 5th, 1770. It began with a whig maker's apprentice berating an English captain about the debt he owed to his master. The boy begins to get irate and follows the captain to the customs house, the captain goes inside with the apprentice still shouting at him. The century on duty calls the boy over to him and beats him over the head with a club, the apprentice leaves, but soon comes back with many more angry people, then begin to throw ice balls, some packed with rocks, at the British. The commander on duty sent out 12 men, as it got dark the crowd became rowdy, being joined by dock workers who had just gotten off of work. An English soldier is knocked over, and the captain either says fire or hold fire but the English begin to fire into the group of colonists. Crispus Attackus, Samuel Grey, James Caldwell, Samuel Maverick, and Patric Carr, are the five killed in the shooting.