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What are the 4 Biomolecules/ Organic Compounds/ Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids
What is the MAIN purpose for carbohydrates?
Used for QUICK energy source
What are the elements for carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)
What are the elements for lipids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & sometimes Phosporous (CHOP)
What are the elements for proteins
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen (CHON)
What are the elements for nucleic acids
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen & Phosphourous (CHONP)
What is the monomer (building block) for charbohydrates?
Monosaccarides (Simple Sugars)
What is the monomer (building block) for lipids?
Triglycerides (1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids)
What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?
Amino Acids
What is the monomer (building block) of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the MAIN purpose of proteins?
Build and repair cells.
What is the MAIN purpose of lipids?
Store energy
What is the MAIN purpose of nucleic acids?
Store and transmist genetic information.
What is an enzyme?
Special type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions without changing them.
Lock and Key Model
Model of enzymes that show the enzyme unlocking the substrate.
Active Site
A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme that attaches to the substrate
Phospholipid
Special lipid that makes of the membrane of cells
Monosaccaride examples
Glucose and Fructose
Disaccharide examples
sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccaride examples
Starch, Chitin, Cellulose
Chitin
Polysaccaride that makes up the exoskeleton of arthopods
Cellulose
Polysaccaride that gives support to the cell wall of plants
Saturated Fats
Fats that have all single bonds between the carbon atoms and are solids at room temp
Saturated Fat examples
Butter, animal fats, shortening (crisco)
Unsaturated fats
Fats that have double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms. Liquids at room temp
Unsaturated fats examples
Most oils (olive, canola, sunflower) and margarine
2 Types of Nucleic Acids
DNA and RNA