Biology unit 2 Study Guide

What are the 4 Biomolecules/ Organic Compounds/ Macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids

What is the MAIN purpose for carbohydrates?

Used for QUICK energy source

What are the elements for carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)

What are the elements for lipids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & sometimes Phosporous (CHOP)

What are the elements for proteins

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen (CHON)

What are the elements for nucleic acids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen & Phosphourous (CHONP)

What is the monomer (building block) for charbohydrates?

Monosaccarides (Simple Sugars)

What is the monomer (building block) for lipids?

Triglycerides (1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids)

What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?

Amino Acids

What is the monomer (building block) of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What is the MAIN purpose of proteins?

Build and repair cells.

What is the MAIN purpose of lipids?

Store energy

What is the MAIN purpose of nucleic acids?

Store and transmist genetic information.

What is an enzyme?

Special type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions without changing them.

Lock and Key Model

Model of enzymes that show the enzyme unlocking the substrate.

Active Site

A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme that attaches to the substrate

Phospholipid

Special lipid that makes of the membrane of cells

Monosaccaride examples

Glucose and Fructose

Disaccharide examples

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Polysaccaride examples

Starch, Chitin, Cellulose

Chitin

Polysaccaride that makes up the exoskeleton of arthopods

Cellulose

Polysaccaride that gives support to the cell wall of plants

Saturated Fats

Fats that have all single bonds between the carbon atoms and are solids at room temp

Saturated Fat examples

Butter, animal fats, shortening (crisco)

Unsaturated fats

Fats that have double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms. Liquids at room temp

Unsaturated fats examples

Most oils (olive, canola, sunflower) and margarine

2 Types of Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA