Health Promotion, Disease Prevention & Cultural Competency

What is the definition of health according to the WHO?

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

What is health promotion?

the behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase the well-being and health potential

What is health protection?

behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within the constraints of an illness or disability

How is health measured globally?

By morbidity and mortality data

What is morbidity?

How frequent a disease occurs

What is mortality?

number of deaths from a disease

What is wellness?

an active state of being healthy; living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health

What is a disease?

a medical term referring to pathologic changes in the structure or function of the body/mind

What is the difference between an acute and chronic illness?

Acute- sudden onset of symptoms and lasts a short time

Chronic- a health condition that lasts for an extended period of time, requires ongoing medical attention or limits ADLs

What are the stages of illness behaviors?

Stage 1: experiencing symptoms

Stage 2: assuming the sick role

Stage 3: assuming the dependent role

Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation

What are the three levels of prevention?

Primary- promoting health and preventing the development of the disease process or injury

Secondary- screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment

Tertiary- reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a max level of functioning

Know Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

• Physiological needs (ABCs)

• Safety needs

• Belongingness and love needs (intimate relationships, friends)

• Esteem needs

• Self Actualization

What is the health hostilic model?

Integrates physical, emotional, mental, social, spiritual, and environmental factors to promote overall well-being and optimal health beyond just medical treatment.

Main points: spiritual, psychosocial, social, and physical care

What are the stages of change?

• Pre-contemplation: no intention on changing behavior

• Contemplation: aware of the problem

• Preparation: intent on taking on the problem

• Action: active change

• Maintenance: sustained change, new behavior takes over

• Relapse: fall back into old patterns

What are some cultural influences on health and wellness?

• Physiologic variations: racial and ethnic groups may be more prone to certain diseases/conditions

• Mental health: variety of norms and acceptable patterns of behavior for psychological well-being

• Orientation to space and time: personal space and punctuality

• Reactions to pain, biological sex roles, language and communication, food and nutrition, family support, socioeconomic factors