Unit 4 AP Human Vocab Pt. 2

demilitarized zone

demilitarized zone

an unnatural buffer zone forced into existence to try and prevent the outbreak of further hostilities

maritime boundary

a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through physical or human geography

electoral college

a certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state’s population

gerrymandering

the process wherein political officials redraw electoral districts to favor a certain political party, ethnic group, coalition, or social class

redistricting

the drawing of anew electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes

democracy

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

federal state

a country where governmental authority is shared among a central government and various other smaller authorities

monarchy

a government style where a monarch acts as a figurehead

republic

state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of the poeple and is excercised through elected representatives

theocracy

the government is presumed to be divinely ordained by God

unitary state

a state where laws are administered uniformly by one central government

genocide

deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

irredentism

a political movement that is strongly tied to nationalism

terrorism

the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes

autonomous region

an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or has freedom from external authority

democratization

the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative

supranationalism

political, economic, and.or cultural cooperation among national states to promote objectives

centrifugal force

forces or attitudes that tend to divide a state

centripetal force

forces or attitudes that unify people and enhances support for a state

apartheid

laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races iinto different geographic areas

balkanization

the fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units

frontier

a zone of a territory where no state has governing authority

ghetto

a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jewish people

race

a group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics

law of the sea

each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast an maintains exclusive economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast

enclave

a territory, or part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of another state (IN x)

exclave

an enclave which is geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory (OF x)

morphology

the form and structure of an organism or one of its parts