health

What type of cells are A cells and B cells?

A cells are phagocytes while B cells are lymphocytes

Describe the role of white blood cells in an inflammatory response.

During an inflammatory response, various white blood cells (leukocytes) are recruited to the site of injury or infection. Neutrophils are often the first responders, phagocytosing pathogens and cellular debris. Macrophages arrive later, continuing phagocytosis and releasing cytokines to regulate inflammation. Lymphocytes also play a role, particularly in chronic inflammation.

Differentiate between passive and active immunity.

1. Active Immunity: Develops when an individual's own immune system produces antibodies and memory cells in response to direct exposure to a pathogen (either through natural infection or vaccination). It provides long-lasting protection.
2. Passive Immunity: Occurs when an individual receives antibodies from another source (e.g., maternal antibodies passed to a fetus or infant, or through antibody injections). It provides immediate but temporary protection as the body does not produce its own memory cells.

What is a pathogen?

A pathogen is any organism or agent (such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or prion) that can cause disease in its host.

What is Hepatitis C, how is it transmitted, and which organ does it primarily attack?

Hepatitis C is an infectious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, such as sharing needles, contaminated blood transfusions, or unsterile medical procedures. The virus primarily attacks the liver, which can lead to chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver cancer if left untreated.