history midterm

laissez faire economics

**hands off, gov did not get involved w economy**

vertical consolidation

**focus on making your business bigger, you make all the supplies instead of buying from others**

trust/monopoly

 **when one business controls a whole industry. managed by a board of trustees**

robber baron

**formed pools and trusts, used unethical means, abused workers**

horizontal consolidation

 **buy out other businesses and overtake the market ( become a monopoly)**

railroads/railroad industry

**accelerated industrialization by allowing for goods to be transported. a booming industry**

push/pull factors

**pressures that forced people to move or drew them to a new country**

nativism

**the idea that americans (specifically white people) were superior to immigrants**

ellis and angel island

**popular locations where immigrants would first arrive in the US**

labor unions

**groups of workers who band together to achieve better pay, working conditions, etc**

sherman antitrust act

**an act passed by roosevelt which gave the gov the power to break up and prosecute momopolies.** 

tenements

**housing structures produced during the depression, very tall and thin and badly made**

triangle shirtwaist factory

**A fire started, owners fled, conditions were bad, people were trapped in top floors because they were locked in. so many casualities and caused public outrage.** 

open door policy

 **introduced by John Hay and suggested that China accepts ships from all nations, giving everyone a chance**

spheres of influence

 **Claims of exclusive economic and trading authority, set up in China in different parts.**

harlem renaissance

 **Claims of exclusive economic and trading authority, set ip in China in different pats.**

Clash of Cultures (Nativism, Scopes Trial, KKK, Prohibition)

**Lots of racism as society progressed, wanted to stay in old days. Believed in bible, against science. (teaching of evolution trial). prohibiton banned alcohol**

speakesy

**places where rich people would go and gather to illegally drink alcohol**

herbert hoover

**the severly disliked president who thought the GD was just part of a normal stocks cycle and didnt want any government interference**

buying on margin

 **investors only paid a bit of money for a stock and then would repay the bank later, and if the stock did well would profit as they resold for higher price. this caused the GD because during the crash no one would buy the stocks**  

hoovervilles

 **places where homeless people lived, named after the president to mock him.**

flappers

**feminists of the time who acted boldly and dressed less conservatively.** 

dust bowl

**overtook the midwest, largest man made disaster in history. dry soil from lack of farming got picked up in wind**

FDR

**new president that wanted government interference and implemented programs to help citizens** \n

\n

treaty of versailles

**The cause of WW2. forced germany to pay reperations, took away land and arms, etc. made them feel isolated and want revenge.** 

new deal

**a series of government implemented programs that tackled the issues in different aspects of life that were caused by the depression.**

black thursday

**few investors wanted to buy on this day, prices collapsed, people rushed to sell stocks but failed, lost money**

Great Depression

**the deepest and most prolonged economic downturn in american history**

drought

**high temps and low rainfall in the great planes  created dust storms**

imperialism

 **a policy of exerting economic/political/military control over weaker countries**

isolationism

 **avoiding interactions w foreign countries**

US aquisiton of Hawaii and alaska

**US citizens living in hawaii. annexed (took possession of) by overthrowing the queen and establishing their own government. bought alaska from Russia.**

spanish american war

**Cubans revolted against spanish colonizers, US was interested bcs it was economically valuable so they sent a ship to cuba. a war started in the philippines (another spanish colony). The US won.**

USS Maine

 **ship US sent to Cuba, mysteriously blown up. ppl blamed spain, started war.**

Roosevelt Corollary

**big stick policy, use military force to achieve goals. US sending Navy around to show stength**

dollar diplomacy

**use money to get what you want, convince countries with money**

liberty bonds

 **a loan to gov to help them during the war**

Selective service

another word for the war draft, citizens chose to go into war

A.E.F

The soldiers of WW1

aresnal of democracy

**build lots of weapons to fight war**

Doolitle Raid

**after pearl harbor, the US bombed tokyo in retaliation**

nationalism

**unrealistic pride/love for ones country**

monroe doctrine

**splitting the world into a western and eastern half, and europeans coultnt enter the western half**

panama canal

**a canal across panama that connects atlantic and pacific oceans, showed how advanced the US was. a conflict over possession and imperialism**

Zimmerman telegram

**sent from germany to mexico saying that they should team up and they would help mexico take back us land, intercepted by Us and caused them to enter war** 

neutrality

**not wanting to enter the war or support each side**

jacob riis

**photographer muckracker, took pics of child labor and social issues. exposed the problems in society**

eugene debs

**labor union leader**

upton sinclair

**wrote the jungle, a bbook about different social issues**

theodore roosevelt

**trustbusting and imperialist president**

howard taft

**president for dollar diplomacy**

John D. rockefeller

 **oil tycoon, donated lot of money to charity, Standard oil, bought out rivals**

homestead

**Homestead steel, caused homestead strike, cared for workers rights**

JP Morgan

i**nvested money into failing national bank, banking, federal steel,**             

Muckracker

**Social investogatorr into issues**

Social drawinism

**survival of the fittest**

gospel of wealth

**idea that you can move up through society if you are poor**

labor unions

**workers banded together to achieve a common goal**

child workers

**children were targeted because they were easy to control and didnt need to be paid much**

temperance

 **abstinence from alcohol**

suffarage

**womans rights**

Lusutuania

**Uk ocean liner that was sunk by German ships, conatiend US citizens and made US upset**

cornelius vanderbilt

 **first robber baron, ferries and ships, moved to railroads**

urban

**cities, industrialization, many new inventions and people**

political bosses

**idea that there was corruption in the government**

The jungle

**a book that detailed social issues during the 1920s like the meat industry**

Knights of labor

**first major labor union, wanted 8 hour workday and better conditions**

Fourteen points

**speech after ww1 by woodrow wilson that talked about getting rid of colonies, less arms, etc**

league of nations

**established after ww1, an intermediate body to prevent future disputes (unsuccessful)**

woodrow wilson

**president during ww1**

bootlegging

 **illegally selling, distributing, etc alcohol during the ban in 1920s**

red scare

**sudden fear of communists infiltrating into the US due to internal conflict in russia during 1920s**

Pearl Harbor

 **Japan sneaked up on pearl harbor via navy, unexpected, attacked US, many deaths, targeted aircraft bases**

Japanese Internment

**After pearl harbor, xenophobia and fear of japanese spies cause japanese people to be sent to camps**

Allies during WW2

**Britain Russia, US,** 

Cash and carry act

**in ww2 US sold arms to European countries as long as they transferred them on their own ships**

Lend/lease

**in ww2 Us was allowed to lend stuff to countries**

mobilization

**producing as much war things on home front as you could, women worked to help in war on homefront**                              

Winston Churchill

**british prime minister and led them to victory during ww2**

henry ford

 **ford motor company, founder of assembly lines**

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

 **First and only atomic bombs were used on these japanese cities by US in retaliation for pearl harbor**

**, seen as necessary to end war, many civilian deaths.**