history midterm

laissez faire economics

laissez faire economics

hands off, gov did not get involved w economy

vertical consolidation

focus on making your business bigger, you make all the supplies instead of buying from others

trust/monopoly

when one business controls a whole industry. managed by a board of trustees

robber baron

formed pools and trusts, used unethical means, abused workers

horizontal consolidation

buy out other businesses and overtake the market ( become a monopoly)

railroads/railroad industry

accelerated industrialization by allowing for goods to be transported. a booming industry

push/pull factors

pressures that forced people to move or drew them to a new country

nativism

the idea that americans (specifically white people) were superior to immigrants

ellis and angel island

popular locations where immigrants would first arrive in the US

labor unions

groups of workers who band together to achieve better pay, working conditions, etc

sherman antitrust act

an act passed by roosevelt which gave the gov the power to break up and prosecute momopolies.

tenements

housing structures produced during the depression, very tall and thin and badly made

triangle shirtwaist factory

A fire started, owners fled, conditions were bad, people were trapped in top floors because they were locked in. so many casualities and caused public outrage.

open door policy

introduced by John Hay and suggested that China accepts ships from all nations, giving everyone a chance

spheres of influence

Claims of exclusive economic and trading authority, set up in China in different parts.

harlem renaissance

Claims of exclusive economic and trading authority, set ip in China in different pats.

Clash of Cultures (Nativism, Scopes Trial, KKK, Prohibition)

Lots of racism as society progressed, wanted to stay in old days. Believed in bible, against science. (teaching of evolution trial). prohibiton banned alcohol

speakesy

places where rich people would go and gather to illegally drink alcohol

herbert hoover

the severly disliked president who thought the GD was just part of a normal stocks cycle and didnt want any government interference

buying on margin

investors only paid a bit of money for a stock and then would repay the bank later, and if the stock did well would profit as they resold for higher price. this caused the GD because during the crash no one would buy the stocks

hoovervilles

places where homeless people lived, named after the president to mock him.

flappers

feminists of the time who acted boldly and dressed less conservatively.

dust bowl

overtook the midwest, largest man made disaster in history. dry soil from lack of farming got picked up in wind

FDR

new president that wanted government interference and implemented programs to help citizens \n

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treaty of versailles

The cause of WW2. forced germany to pay reperations, took away land and arms, etc. made them feel isolated and want revenge.

new deal

a series of government implemented programs that tackled the issues in different aspects of life that were caused by the depression.

black thursday

few investors wanted to buy on this day, prices collapsed, people rushed to sell stocks but failed, lost money

Great Depression

the deepest and most prolonged economic downturn in american history

drought

high temps and low rainfall in the great planes  created dust storms

imperialism

a policy of exerting economic/political/military control over weaker countries

isolationism

avoiding interactions w foreign countries

US aquisiton of Hawaii and alaska

US citizens living in hawaii. annexed (took possession of) by overthrowing the queen and establishing their own government. bought alaska from Russia.

spanish american war

Cubans revolted against spanish colonizers, US was interested bcs it was economically valuable so they sent a ship to cuba. a war started in the philippines (another spanish colony). The US won.

USS Maine

ship US sent to Cuba, mysteriously blown up. ppl blamed spain, started war.

Roosevelt Corollary

big stick policy, use military force to achieve goals. US sending Navy around to show stength

dollar diplomacy

use money to get what you want, convince countries with money

liberty bonds

a loan to gov to help them during the war

Selective service

another word for the war draft, citizens chose to go into war

A.E.F

The soldiers of WW1

aresnal of democracy

build lots of weapons to fight war

Doolitle Raid

after pearl harbor, the US bombed tokyo in retaliation

nationalism

unrealistic pride/love for ones country

monroe doctrine

splitting the world into a western and eastern half, and europeans coultnt enter the western half

panama canal

a canal across panama that connects atlantic and pacific oceans, showed how advanced the US was. a conflict over possession and imperialism

Zimmerman telegram

sent from germany to mexico saying that they should team up and they would help mexico take back us land, intercepted by Us and caused them to enter war

neutrality

not wanting to enter the war or support each side

jacob riis

photographer muckracker, took pics of child labor and social issues. exposed the problems in society

eugene debs

labor union leader

upton sinclair

wrote the jungle, a bbook about different social issues

theodore roosevelt

trustbusting and imperialist president

howard taft

president for dollar diplomacy

John D. rockefeller

oil tycoon, donated lot of money to charity, Standard oil, bought out rivals

homestead

Homestead steel, caused homestead strike, cared for workers rights

JP Morgan

invested money into failing national bank, banking, federal steel,

Muckracker

Social investogatorr into issues

Social drawinism

survival of the fittest

gospel of wealth

idea that you can move up through society if you are poor

labor unions

workers banded together to achieve a common goal

child workers

children were targeted because they were easy to control and didnt need to be paid much

temperance

abstinence from alcohol

suffarage

womans rights

Lusutuania

Uk ocean liner that was sunk by German ships, conatiend US citizens and made US upset

cornelius vanderbilt

first robber baron, ferries and ships, moved to railroads

urban

cities, industrialization, many new inventions and people

political bosses

idea that there was corruption in the government

The jungle

a book that detailed social issues during the 1920s like the meat industry

Knights of labor

first major labor union, wanted 8 hour workday and better conditions

Fourteen points

speech after ww1 by woodrow wilson that talked about getting rid of colonies, less arms, etc

league of nations

established after ww1, an intermediate body to prevent future disputes (unsuccessful)

woodrow wilson

president during ww1

bootlegging

illegally selling, distributing, etc alcohol during the ban in 1920s

red scare

sudden fear of communists infiltrating into the US due to internal conflict in russia during 1920s

Pearl Harbor

Japan sneaked up on pearl harbor via navy, unexpected, attacked US, many deaths, targeted aircraft bases

Japanese Internment

After pearl harbor, xenophobia and fear of japanese spies cause japanese people to be sent to camps

Allies during WW2

Britain Russia, US,

Cash and carry act

in ww2 US sold arms to European countries as long as they transferred them on their own ships

Lend/lease

in ww2 Us was allowed to lend stuff to countries

mobilization

producing as much war things on home front as you could, women worked to help in war on homefront

Winston Churchill

british prime minister and led them to victory during ww2

henry ford

ford motor company, founder of assembly lines

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

First and only atomic bombs were used on these japanese cities by US in retaliation for pearl harbor

, seen as necessary to end war, many civilian deaths.