Computer Science vocab quizlet

For midterm

Arithmetic logic unit

This is responsible for performing all the math operations.

CPU

The brains of the computer and is responsible for fetch, decode, execute cycle.

Register

A small amount of storage available directly in the CPU that holds temporary data and and goes through the instructions very fast

Instruction register

When a register is fetched from memory it doesn’t contain IR in CPU. this register holds the intrusions.

Program counter

The PC tells the instruction where the instruction has to go and then update it.

memory address register

Holds memory address that is being fetched . MAR provides address to memory unit.

Accumulator

This stores the answer for the arithmetic and logical problems.

Buses 

transfer data between various devices. (bigger width more data)

Control Bus

transmit command and control signals from CPU and other components.

Data Bus

carries data that is being processed between the CPU and other peripherals (computer part)

address bus

Used to transmit the address that is to be read or written into memory

Single-core processors

This CPU with one core means it can only do 1 task at 1 time. low end computer or cheap)

Multi core preocessors

A CPU with multiple cores that allows the CPU to do multiple instructions simulations

Co-processors

Special type of processors that job is to support the main CPU. They can run independent of each other enhancing system performance.

Graphic Processing 

GPU with parallel structure allowing calculations to be done simultaneously.

Video processing

helping GPU decode and encode video files.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning

recognize their potential for handling general-purpose calculations. AI relied on mathematical calculations.

Blockchain and cryptocurrency mining

minors found out GPU are better than CPU while cryptocurrency puzzles. Causing a dramatic for GPU.

Design philosophies

CPU are called design philosophies because they can handle many different type of tasks

core architecture

The CPU with only a few cores but these cores are very powerful and each cores can handle lots of different instructions.

Memory access and power efficiency

CPU uses smaller but a higher speed memory to catch quickly. GPU uses a special memory called VRAM so it can move large amount of data.

Vertex and pixel data

Data used by the GPU to render 3D objects and images

Frame

a single image in a sequence of images that make up a video and animation 

RAM

(random access memory) It holds instructions and data for program instructions

Volatile

A type of memory or storage that loses its data when the power turns off.

ROM

(read only memory) used for storing instructions that are usually not modified 

BIOS

(basic input / output system) which is located in the motherboard. It initializes and test the system hardware.

Cache Hit

when the CPU requests data, and it is found in the cache memory.

Cache miss

When the CPU requests data that is not found in the cache memory

Little man computer

is a simple educational CPU model that uses 3 letter assemble instruction

Multi-core Architecture

system with multiple CPU cores on a single chip

Fetch

the instruction to retrieve from memory/data

decode

instruction that is interpreted to understand its operation

execute

the operation being carried out/run

memory access

any important code that is engraved in the memory

write back

The result is given back to see the out come of the operation.

independent execution

Each core in a multi-core processor has its own pipelines, allowing it to run instructions independently so multiple tasks can be processed at once without slowdown, improving overall efficiency.

parallel execution

Parallel execution lets multiple cores handle different parts of the same task or multiple tasks at once, greatly speeding up complex computations like several teams simultaneously cleaning different sections of a large car.

memory card

Memory cards are small, durable NAND-flash storage devices used in portable electronics, offering moderate read/write speeds and various sizes like SD and microSD for easy mobile storage expansion.

network attach storage

NAS is a dedicated network-connected storage device that lets multiple users access and centralize files and backups.

middle ware

software that connects different applications, allowing them to communicate and share data.