Jeffery Unit 2A Vocab

AP Geography Vocab Quiz

agricultural density

The number of farmers per unit of arable land

Antinatalist

Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates

arithmetic density

The average number of people per unit of land area (usually per square mile or kilometer)

baby boom

People born from 1946 to 1964 during the post-World War II uptick in birth rate

baby bust

fertility dropped as large numbers of women sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs, causing them to marry later in life

Boserup theory

Increase in food production resulting from the use of new farming methods

Carrying capacity

The number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis

Census

An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details about individuals, such as age, sex, and race

crude birth rate (CBR)

The average number of births per 1000 people; the traditional way of measuring birth rates

crude death rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per year per 1000 people

deindustrialization

The decline, and sometimes complete disappearance, of employment in the manufacturing sector in the core's industrial centers

Demographic momentum

tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution.

Demographic transition model

How crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as well as the resulting rate of natural increase (RNI) change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization

Demography

The statistical study of population and its change

dependency ratio

The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working-age people (ages 15 to 64 years) must support

doubling time

The number of years it takes for a population to double in size

ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface with permanent human settlement

Epidemiological transition model

Seeks to explain how changes in health services and living standards affect patterns of disease

Epidemiology

A branch of medicine that studies the distribution, determinants, and control of diseases and other health conditions, such as tobacco use and sedentary lifestyle

Industrial Revolution

The rapid transformation of the economy through the introduction of machines, new power sources, and new chemical processes in Europe and the United States between 1760 and 1830

infant mortality rate

A measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births Infanticide The practice of killing infants

life expectancy

The number of years a person can expect to live from birth

Malthusian theory

A term derived from the name Thomas Robert Malthus, an English economist and cleric, to mean either "of or relating to Malthus's theory" or "a follower of Malthus"

Maternal mortality rate

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes).

midlatitudes

All land between 30º N and 60ºN and 30º S and 60º S.

more developed countries (MDCs)

a _________ ___________ _________ that's in the later stages of development. It has higher levels of industrialization and a lower population.

natural increase rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

neo-Malthusians

People who today subscribe to the Malthusian view of population

newly industrialized countries (NICs)

typically have rapidly growing economies. Places where consumer incomes and buying power are increasing because of economic expansion. This refers to a category of developing economies that are experiencing the fastest rates of growth in the global economy.

Overpopulation

Occurs when the human population exceeds the food supply

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

physiological density

The average number of people per unit area (a square mile or kilometer) of arable land

population pyramid (age structure)

A very useful graphic device for comparing age and sex structure

Pronatalist

Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth

rate of natural increase (RNI)

The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population

sex ratio

The ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population

Total fertility rate (TFR)

The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age

zero population growth (ZPG)

When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its rate of natural increase (RNI) is zero