CH 6

anxiety disorder

anxiety disorder

___ most common disorder for women and second for men

anxiety

feeling of apprehension about possible future danger

fear

alarm reaction occurs in response to immediate danger

panic attack

when fear response occurs in absence of obvious external danger

subjective belief something awful will happen

main way to tell if someone is having a panic attack rather than fear is:

psychoanalytic anxiety

repressed conflict; fear id impulses of control

aggression/assertion inhibition

afraid to stand up for self

responsibility/independence inhibition

afraid to take authority

compliance/submission inhibition

afraid of relying on others

intimacy/trust inhibition

afraid of personal attachments

behavioral

skill deficit

cognitive

irrational (negative) thinking

humanistic

lack of commitment to personal values

existential

encountering life realities

• death/nothingness (live authentically)

• responsibility (make own choice)

• isolation/aloneness (connect)

• meaningless/absurdity (personal meaning)

when to diagnosis anxiety disorder

anxiety/worry more intense/long lasting than average person and other symptoms include avoidance, ritual actors, or thoughts to protect from anxiety

graduated exposure

most effective treatment to feared cues, objects, or situations

habituation

diminishing response to stimuli

• in vitro: lab/office

• in vivo: life setting

specific phobia

persistent fear of object/situation leading to avoidance

exposure therapy

controlled exposure; participant modeling

social anxiety disorder/phobia

fear of 1+ specific social situation; fear of scrutiny/negative evaluation whether performance (public speaking) or nonperformance (public speaking)

panic disorder

recurrent panic for at least a month and fear of having another

agoraphobia

fear of open gathering places/inability to leave house

cognitive theory of panic

hypersensitive to bodily sensations

generalized anxiety disorder

different aspects of life become chronic, excessive, and unreasonable; more days than not for at least 6 months

sense of mastery

immunization against anxiety

medications for anxiety

benzodiazepines (tension relief and relaxation) and antidepressants

obsessive compulsive disorder

obsessive thoughts and behaviors in an attempt to neutralize such thoughts; good/fair insight, poor insight, or absent/delusional beliefs

obsessions

thoughts, images, or impulses

compulsions

behaviors as rituals

neutralize obsessions

characteristic of obsessions in ocd?

cleaning, checking, counting, collecting, or ordering/arranging

5 common rituals of ocd

incidence rate equal to men and women

what is unique to ocd

biological causes (ocd)

genetic factor, neurotransmitter abnormalities, prozac effective

exposure with response prevention (erp)

patients encounter source of obsessions and prevent them from engaging in compulsive behaviors; habituation; most effective

insight

specifiers with good or fair ___ to help diagnose ocd

body dysmorphic disorder

equal in men and women; related to ocd

hoarding disorder

meds not effective; related to ocd

trichotillomania

hair pulling disorder; related to ocd

excoriation

skin picking; related to ocd

prepared learning

occurs because, over the course of evolution, those primates and humans who rapidly acquired fears of certain objects or situations that posed real threats to our early ancestors may have enjoyed a selective advantage

anxiety sensitivity

a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences