steroids
peptides
modified amino acids
hormone bonds to receptor on membrane of cells in target tissue
inactive messengers become active messengers
anterior (front) pituitary gland
posterior (back) pituitary gland
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
oxytocin
increases reabsorption of H2O in kidneys (takes H2O out of blood to store in kidneys)
determines whether kidneys absorb or release H2O into blood? (**clarify)
nervous: made up of neurons, faster
endocrine: made up of glands & hormones they produce, slower, causes developmental changes.
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
LH (luteinizing hormone)
PRL (prolactin)
GH (growth hormone)
produce glucagon
increases blood glucose level in liver
glycogen in liver → released into blood as glucose
produce insulin
decreases blood glucose level in liver, muscle & fat cells
glucose leaves blood → stored in liver as glycogen
affects blood vessels, liver, & heart
causes increase in blood glucose, blood vessel constriction, & fight or flight response
glucocorticoids (ex: cortisol)
mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
affect entire body
help increase blood glucose
greater in long-term stress
affect kidney
increases rate of reabsorption of Na+ & K+
T4 (thyroxin)
T3 (triiodothyronine calcitonin)
calcitonin
affects testes & to lesser extent, rest of body
affects spermatogenesis & secondary sexual characteristics
estrogen
progesteron
affects uterus & to lesser extent, rest of body
affects menstrual cycle & secondary sexual characteristics
affects uterus & to less extent, rest of body
affects menstrual cycles & pregnancy
affects entire body
helps regulate circadian rhythms
disrupted during spring forward