Thanatology Quiz 2

2.3 3.1 4.1

• Somatic (Bodily) distress

• Preoccupation with the image of the deceased

• Guilt relating to the deceased or circumstances of the death

• Hostile Reactions

• Inability to function as one had before the loss

List Lindemann’s 5 characteristics of grief

Erich Lindemann

Who founded grief work?

• Accepting the loss as a definite fact

• Adjusting to life without the deceased

• Forming new relationships in the world

What are Lindemann’s 3 steps for readjustment after grief?

• Denial

• Anger

• Bargaining

• Depression

• Acceptance

List Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages of grief.

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

Who is responsible for the 5 stages of grief?

• Shock and numbness

• Yearning and searching

• Disorganization and despair

• Reorganization

List Bowlby’s 4 phases of grief.

John Bowlby

Who is responsible for the 4 phases of grief?

• Recognize the loss

• React to the separation of the loss

• Recollect and re-experience the deceased and the relationship

• Relinquish attachments to the deceased and old assumptive world

• Readjust to move adaptively into the ‘new world’ without forgetting the deceased

• Re-invest the ‘freed up’ energy in a new life or identity

List Rando’s 6 R process of grief.

• To accept the reality of the loss

• To work through the pain of grief

• To adjust to an environment in which the deceased is missing

• To emotionally relocate the  deceased and move on with life

List Worden’s 4 tasks of mourning.

J. William Worden

Who is responsible for the tasks of mourning?

Mummification

Occurs when the bereaved continues daily functions as if the deceased were still present.

Viewing the body

According the Worden, the task of accepting the reality of loss takes time, but is aided by what?

Internal, external, spiritual 

According to Worden, what are the three types of adjustment a person goes through following a loss?

Internal Adjustments

Adjustments to one’s self and who you are

External Adjustments

The adjustment of taking on of roles previously performed by the deceased.

Spiritual adjustment

Adjustment that may cause one to draw more closely to spiritual ties, whole others may turn away. 

• Denial of Facts

• Denial of the meaning of the loss

• Denial of the irreversibility of the loss

According to Worden, what 3 forms of denial does he believe a person may experience?

Absent Grief

Greif in which there appears to be no signs of grief in a person following a major bereavement.

Chronic Grief

Grief in which the reaction is one that is excessive in duration and has not come to a satisfactory conclusion. 

Clinical Depression

A depression so severe as to be considered abnormal, either because of no obvious environmental causes, or because the reaction to unfortunate life circumstances is more intense than would generally be expected.

Complicated Grief

A set of emotion due to loss that interfere with normal life functions without progressing towards resolution.

Delayed Grief

Inhibited, suppressed or postponed response to a loss

Depression

A condition of general emotional dejection and withdrawal, a state of despondency marked by feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness

Disenfranchised Grief

Grief which is not acknowledged by society

Exaggerated Grief

Excessive grief responses whereby the response is so overwhelming that some psychiatric disorder develops. Greif response that is far greater in proportion to the perceived loss.

Masked Grief

Greif in which symptoms and behaviors cause difficulty but are not attributed to the loss.

Unbalanced Grief

Grief in which the person is clearly grieving, but when you meet them you are struck by the expression of one particular emotion. 

• Relational Factors

• Circumstantial Factors

• Historical Factors

• Personality Factors

• Social Factors

What are the 5 factors that may influence a person’s failure to grieve?

• Chronic

• Delayed

• Exaggerated

• Masked

• Disenfranchised

• Absent

• Unbalanced

List the categories of complicated grief.

Highly ambivalent with unexpressed hostilities

What is the most frequent type of relationship that results in unresolved grief?

• Physical Symptom

• Maladaptive behavior

In what two ways may masked grief manifest itself?

• Socially unspeakable deaths

• Socially negated deaths

• Absence of a social network

What are the three categories of social conditions that contribute to unresolved grief?

Adaptation

The individuals ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as a death of significant other.

At-Need

Counseling in which the funeral practitioner consults with the family from the TOD occurs until the final disposition.

Congruence

The agreement between true feelings and thoughts and one’s actions and words. According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with others perception of one’s self. 

Counselee

The individual seeking assistance or guidance

Counselor

The individual providing assistance or guidance

Counseling

Guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods

Crisis

An emotionally significant event or radical change of status in a persons life

Crisis Counseling

A type of intervention that helps individuals in a crisis situation

Directive Counseling

A type of counseling in which the cousenlor assumes the initiative and carries a major role in the identification and resolution of problems.

Empathy

The ability to understand what another is feeling

Facilitate

To make easier, help bring about

Goals

Objectives or adjustments to be achieved

Grief Counseling

Process of helping people facilitate grief to a healthy resolution

Grief Support Group

Supportive gathering of mourning individuals who have experienced loss providing emotional support, validation, and a sense of community

Grief Therapy

Specialized techniques used to help people with complicated grief

Guidance

Support/support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems

Informational Counseling

Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special info with the counselee

Linking Object

Symbolic objects that the survivor keeps and which provides meaning through which the relationship with the deceased can be maintained and continued external of memory.

Mitigation

Any event, person or object that lessons the degree of pain in grief 

Non-directive Counseling

To listen, support, and advise without offering a course of action

Options

Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the client or counselee’s dilemma

Positive Regard

According to Carol Rogers, accepting the client or counselee and they are and for what they are without imposing judgements or stipulations 

Post-Need

Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral

Pre-need

Funeral service guidance prior to death

Rapport

A relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction

Respect

The act or giving particular attention and high regard; a feeling of deep admiration for someone/thing elicited by their abilities, qualities or achievements

Situational Counseling

Guidance related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering

Sympathy

Expressing sincere feelings for a person who has experienced a loss

• Crisis

• Informational

• Psychotherapy

• Situational

What are the 4 types of counseling?