JOAN OF ARC AND THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR

Who was Henry II, and what territories did he control?

Henry II was a King of England and Duke of Normandy, and through his marriage to Queen Eleanor, he also controlled Anjou and Aquitaine.

Why was the King of England a vassal to the King of France?

The King of England was a vassal to the King of France because of his continental possessions, despite being more powerful.

What triggered the Hundred Years' War?

The Hundred Years' War was triggered when the last son of King Philip the Fair of France died without an heir, leading to a conflict between Philip VI of France and King Edward III of England.

What were the two major factions in France during the early 15th century?

The two major factions in France during the early 15th century were the Armagnacs and the Burgundians.

How did King Henry V of England contribute to the Hundred Years' War?

King Henry V of England landed in Normandy with his army, defeating the French cavalry at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

What was the proposed solution to end the conflict between France and England in 1415?

The proposed solution was for Henry V of England to marry Queen Isabeau of Bavaria’s daughter, Catherine, and their child would inherit both the French and English thrones.

Who was Charles VII, and why did he become important in the Hundred Years' War?

Charles VII was the Dauphin of France, the son of Charles VI, and the rightful heir to the throne. He was supported by Joan of Arc to become King of France.

Who was Joan of Arc, and what was her claim to fame?

Joan of Arc was a peasant from Lorraine who claimed to have received divine assurance that Charles VII was meant to be King of France. She led military campaigns and played a key role in the liberation of Orléans.

What was Joan of Arc’s significant military achievement in 1429?

Joan of Arc lifted the siege of Orléans, a key English stronghold, which significantly boosted French morale.

What role did Joan of Arc play in the coronation of Charles VII?

Joan of Arc escorted Charles VII to Reims in 1429, where he was crowned King of France.

How did Joan of Arc meet her demise?

Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians, handed over to the English, and tried in Rouen. She was burned at the stake in 1431.

What charges were brought against Joan of Arc during her trial?

Joan of Arc was accused of being a witch and of dressing as a man to lead her troops.

What happened to Joan of Arc after her death?

After her death, Joan of Arc was largely forgotten, but a rehabilitation trial led by the Church later reinstated her honor, and she was recognized as a martyr.

How did Joan of Arc's image change in the 19th century?

In the 19th century, Joan of Arc became a symbol of patriotism, adored by both the republican left and the Catholic right.

Why did Joan of Arc become a symbol for the French?

Joan of Arc became a symbol of patriotism as a "daughter of the people" who was believed to have been chosen by God to help the kings of France.

How did Charles VII expel the English from France?

After a shift in alliances with the Burgundians, Charles VII eventually expelled the last of the English from France after many years of warfare.

What role did the Burgundians play in Joan of Arc's capture?

The Burgundians captured Joan of Arc and handed her over to the English, leading to her trial and execution.

What was the significance of the Battle of Agincourt in 1415?

The Battle of Agincourt was significant because King Henry V's archers inflicted a humiliating defeat on the French cavalry, demonstrating the effectiveness of English tactics.

What was the effect of Queen Isabeau's marriage proposal to Henry V?

The marriage proposal between Henry V and Queen Isabeau’s daughter would have united the crowns of France and England under their future child, but it was rejected by Charles VII.

Why is Joan of Arc considered a martyr and a national hero in France?

Joan of Arc is considered a martyr and a national hero due to her role in securing Charles VII's coronation and her posthumous rehabilitation, which solidified her status as a symbol of French unity and patriotism.