Stoichiometry and Chemical Equations

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to stoichiometry, elemental analysis, solution stoichiometry, and titrations, based on the provided lecture notes.

Stoichiometry

A branch of chemistry that uses mole:mole ratios to calculate reactant and product quantities in chemical reactions.

Elemental Analysis

A process used to determine the percentages of elements in a compound, often as a step to finding the empirical formula.

Solution Stoichiometry

The application of stoichiometric principles to reactions involving solutions, often utilizing molarity as a conversion factor.

Balanced Chemical Reaction

A chemical equation in which the number of atoms for each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides.

Mole:Mole Ratio

A conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation, used to relate the moles of two different substances involved in a reaction.

Formula Units

The empirical formula of an ionic compound, representing the simplest ratio of ions in the compound.

Limits of Reaction

The concept that the amount of product formed in a reaction is limited by the reactant that is completely consumed first.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from given amounts of reactants, calculated based on stoichiometry.

Actual Yield

The amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction in a lab or industrial setting.

Percent Yield

A measure of the efficiency of a reaction, calculated as (Actual yield of product / Theoretical yield of product) x 100%.

Empirical (adj.)

Based on observation rather than theory or pure logic; in chemistry, refers to formulas determined via elemental analysis.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound, determined from elemental analysis.

Molecular Formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule, which can be the same as or a multiple of the empirical formula.

Titrations

A quantitative chemical analysis method to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration (titrant).

Indicator

A chemical substance added to a solution in a titration that undergoes a visible change (e.g., color change) at the equivalence point of the reaction.

Titrant

The solution of known concentration that is slowly added from a buret during a titration.