Surgical Technology Exam Review Anatomy and physiology

The part of the organelle of the cell considered to be the powerhouse is the:

mitochondria

The building blocks of all living matter are called:

cells

The thymus gland is located in the _________ cavity.

thoracic

The umbilicus is located on the ___________ surface of the body.

ventral

The hormones produced by the adrenal cortex to protect one during a stressful situation are:

adrenalin

The medial malleolus is a projection at the ankle of the :

tibia

The outermost layer of the eye that is commonly called the white of the eye is the:

sclera

The parotid gland secretes:

saliva

Muscles are attached to bones by

tendons

The large opening located in the occipital bone is called the:

foramen magnum

The liquid part of the blood is:

plasma

The mineral essential for the formation of red blood cells is:

iron

The myocardium is the:

thick muscular wall of the heart

The name of the artery that arise from the ascending aorta and carries blood to the heart muscle is the:

coronary

The largest artery in the body is the:

aorta

The membrane that lines the chest cavity and reflects back to cover the lungs is the:

pluera

The amount of air taken in with a normal breath is about 500 cc and is referred to as:

tidal volume

The auditory nerve receives sound waves from a shell-like structure called the:

cochlea

An inflammation of the conjunctiva involves the:

delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front of the eyeball

One of the most important glands in the body, ofter referred to as the "master gland," is the:

pituitary

Within the kidneys, there are millions of microscopic units that carry out the functions of producing urine. These functional unites are called:

nephrons

The long narrow tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder are called:

ureters

Water is absorbed mostly in the:

colon

The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. The hormone secreted by the pancreas directly into the blood is the:

insulin

The male reproductive organ(s) that manufactures the male sex cells is (are) called the:

testes

The nerves that control the release that control the release of epinephrine during "fight or flight" are the:

sympathetic nerves

An example of reticular tissue is:

blood

The muscle that flexes the head is the:

sternocleidomastoid

The middle layer of the meninges is the:

arachnoid

The section of the brain that controls temperature and thirst is the:

hypothalamus

How many pairs of extrinsic eye muscles are there:

6

The jelly-like substance that maintains the shape of the globe is:

vitreous humor

The descending colon is attached at this anatomical feature:

splenic flexure

the function of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT:

-storage of glucose

-storage of bile

-destruction of RBCs

-production of urea

storage of bile

The normal range for lymphocytes is between:

5000 and 10,000

The valve to the right ventricle is the:

tricuspid

A superficial vein of the leg is the:

saphenous

The first ring of tracheal cartilage, utilized during Sellick's maneuver is the:

hyoid cartilage

The most likely tough capsule that protects the kidney is:

Gerota's fascia

Fertilization occurs in the:

oviduct