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what do humans share with
homologous and analogous features
what are the characteristics of primates
grasping hands and feet: opposable thumb and big toe
digits with nails and fingertips (no claws)
reduced sense of smell: short snouts and small olfactory bulb
well-developed visual sense: orbital convergence and frontation
postorbital bar (PO Bar) or postorbital closure (PO Closure)
large complex brains relative to body size
heterodont dentition with unspecialized molars
small litters
long gestation and juvenile periods
what is catarrhine dental formula
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
strepsirhines
lemurs, lorises, and galagos (bush babies)
haplorhines
tarsiers, NWM, OWM, apes, humans
which primates have postorbital closure
haplorhines
which primates have postorbital bar
strepsirhines
what are prosimians
strepsirhines
what are anthropoids
haplorhines
what are the two superfamilies of haplorhines
platyrrhines and catarrhines
platyrrhines
NWM
catarrhines
apes and humans (hominoids), cercopithecoids (OWM)
what are the characteristics of strepsirhines
what are the diets of strepsirhines
frugivores, folivores, plant gum and insects
where are lorises located
Southeast Asia
where are galagos located
Sub-Saharian Africa
what are lorises locomotion
slow and cautious, climbing form of quardupedalism
what are galagos locomotion
vertical clinging and leaping (VCL)
where are lemurs located
Madagascar
what are lemurs locomotion
primarily arboreal except for ring-tailed lemur (quadrupedal) and sifakas and indris (VCL)
what are lemurs pattern of behavior
in their smaller forms, they are nocturnal, and in their larger forms, they are diurnal
what are tarsiers
haplorhine primates
what kind of postorbital protection do tarsiers have
postorbital plates
where are tarsiers located
Southeast Asia (forest)
where are platyrrhines (NWM) located
Central and South America
what are the locomotion of platyrrhines
arboreal quadrupeds (cebids) and arboreal brachiators (atelids)
where are cercopithecoids (OWM) located
Asia, Africa, Middle East
what kind of teeth do cercopithecoids have
bilophodont teeth
siamangs and gibbons
true brachiators
frugivores (fruit eaters)
monogamous with Extra Pair Copulations (cheaters)
located: Southeast Asian Forest
6-12 kg
long arms, curved fingers
orangutan (great apes)
what is the species name for orangutans
Pongo pygmaeus
gorilla (great apes)
100-250 kg sexual dimorphism
1 male-multifemale
knucklewalkers
folivores (leaf eaters with some fruits)
placid and quiet
what is the species name for gorillas
Gorilla gorilla
chimpanzee (great apes)
what is the species name for chimpanzees
Pan troglodytes
bonobo
what is the species name for bonobos
Pan paniscus
arboreal quadrupedalism
forelimbs are shorter than the hindlimds
terrestrial quadrupedalism
forelimbs equal the size or longer than the hindlimbs
vertical clinging and leaping (VCL)
large tarsal bones
quadrumanous locomotion
four-handed locomotion
brachiation
extremely long and muscular forelimbs
bipedalism
free hands to transport objects