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Trapezius Origin
Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12
Trapezius Insertion
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Trapezius Action
Assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; upper fibers elevate, middle fibers adduct, and lower fibers depress scapula
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
Spinous Processes of T7-L5, sacrum, iliac crest, and ribs 10-12
Latissimus Dorsi Insertion
Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Latissimus Dorsi Action
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Levator Scapulae Origin
Transverse Processes of C1 to C4
Levator Scapulae Insertion
Upper portion of medial border of the scapula
Levator Scapulae Action
Elevates the scapula
Rhomboids Origin
Spinous processes of C7-T5
Rhomboids Insertion
Medial Border of scapula between the spine and inferior angle
Rhomboids Action
Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula
Deltoid Origin
Inferior edge of the crest of the spine of the scapula, lateral margin of the acromion, anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle.
Deltoid Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid Action
Major abductor of arm; clavicular fibers assist in flexing the arm; posterior fibers assist in extending the arm
Pectoralis Major Origin
Medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
Pectoralis Major Insertion
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Pectoralis Major Action
Adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint
Pectoralis Minor Origin
Anterior surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces
Pectoralis Minor Insertion
Coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis Minor Action
Depresses tip of shoulder; protracts scapula
Serratus Anterior Origin
Lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces
Serratus Anterior Insertion
Costal surface of medial border of scapula
Serratus Anterior Action
Protraction and rotation of the scapula, keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall
Trapezius Innervation
Motor: accessory nerve [XI]; proprioception: C3 and C4
Latissimus Dorsi Innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)
Levator Scapulae Innervation
C3 to C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Anterior Scalene Origin
Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3 to C6
Anterior Scalene Insertion
Scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1
Anterior Scalene Action
Elevation of rib I
Anterior Scalene Innervation
Anterior rami of C4 to C7
Rhomboids Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Deltoid Innervation
Axillary nerve [C5, C6]
Pectoralis Major Innervation
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Pectoralis Minor Innervation
Medial pectoral nerves
Serratus Anterior Innervation
Long thoracic nerve [C5, C6, C7]
Supraspinatus Origin
Medial 2/3s of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle
Supraspinatus Insertion
Most superior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus
Supraspinatus Action
Rotator cuff muscle; participates in abduction of the glenohumeral joint; stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Supraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular nerve [C5, C6]
Infraspinatus Origin
Medial 2/3s of the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle
Infraspinatus Insertion
Middle facet on posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Infraspinatus Action
Rotator cuff muscle: lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint; stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Infraspinatus Innervation
Suprascapular nerve [C5, C6]
Teres Minor Origin
Upper 2/3s of a flattened strip of bone on the posterior surface of the scapula immediately adjacent to the lateral border of the scapula
Teres Minor Insertion
Inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Teres Minor Action
Rotator cuff muscle; lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint; stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Teres Minor Innervation
Axillary nerve [C5, C6]
Subscapularis Origin
Medial 2/3s of subscapular fossa
Subscapularis Insertion
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis Action
Rotator cuff muscle; medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Subscapularis Innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
Teres Major Origin
Elongate oval area on the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
Teres Major Insertion
Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus on the anterior surface of the humerus
Teres Major Action
Medial rotation and extension of the arm at the glenohumeral joint; stabilization of glenohumeral joint
Teres Major Innervation
Inferior subscapular nerve [C5, C6, C7]
Biceps Brachii Origin (Long and Short head)
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Short head: apex of coracoid process
Biceps Brachii Insertion
Radial tuberosity
Biceps Brachii Action
Powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint and supinator of the forearm; accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Biceps Brachii Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve [C5, C6]
Coracobrachialis Origin
Apex of coracoid process
Coracobrachialis Insertion
Linear roughening on mid-shaft of humerus on medial side
Coracobrachialis Action
Flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint; adducts arm
Coracobrachialis Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve [C5, C6, C7]
Brachialis Origin
Anterior aspect of humerus (medial and lateral surfaces) and adjacent intermuscular septae
Brachialis Insertion
Tuberosity of the ulna
Brachialis Action
Powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint
Brachialis Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve [C5, C6]; (small contribution by the radial nerve [C7] to lateral part of muscle)
Brachioradialis Origin
Proximal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum
Brachioradialis Insertion
Lateral surface of distal end of radius
Brachioradialis Action
Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is mid-pronated
Brachioradialis Innervation
Radial nerve [C5, C6] before division into superficial and deep branches
Triceps Brachii Origin (Long, Medial, and Lateral Head)
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Medial head: posterior surface of humerus; Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus
Triceps Brachii Insertion
Olecranon
Triceps Brachii Action
Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint. Long head can also extend and adduct the arm at the shoulder joint
Triceps Brachii Innervation
Radial nerve [C6, C7, C8]
Pronator Quadratus Origin
Linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna
Pronator Quadratus Insertion
Distal anterior surface of radius
Pronator Quadratus Action
Pronation (of forearm)
Pronator Quadratus Innervation
Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) [C7, C8]
Pronator Teres Origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle and adjacent supraepicondylar ridge; Ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process
Pronator Teres Insertion
Roughening on lateral surface, mid-shaft of radius
Pronator Teres Action
Pronation (of forearm)
Pronator Teres Innervation
Median nerve [C6, C7]
Supinator Origin
Superficial layer: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments; Deep layer: supinator crest of the ulna
Supinator Insertion
Lateral surface of radius superior to the anterior oblique line
Supinator Action
Supination
Supinator Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve [C6, C7]
Flexors of the Hand and Wrist Origin
Medial epicondyle of the humerus; proximal parts of the ulna and radius
Flexors of the Hand and Wrist Insertion
Anterior aspects of the metacarpal bones, phalanges, and sometimes the carpal bones
Flexors of the Hand and Wrist Action
Flexion of the hand at the wrist
Flexors of the Hand and Action Innervation
Mostly median nerve, a couple are ulnar nerve
Extensors of the Hand and Wrist Origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; posterior surfaces of the ulna and radius
Extensors of the Hand and Wrist Insertion
Posterior aspects of the metacarpal bones and phalanges
Extensors of the Hand and Wrist Action
Extension of the hand at the wrist
Extensors of the Hand and Wrist Innervation
Radial nerve
Iliacus Origin
Upper 2/3s of iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum
Iliacus Insertion
Lesser trochanter of femur
Iliacus Action
Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Iliacus Innervation
Femoral nerve (L2 to L4) Anterior rami of L1 to L3