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4 MAIN reasons for WWI
Militarism, Alliances, Industrialization, Nationalism
Why do Germany and France dislike each other?
Border countries, Franco-Prussian war (Bismarck)
Why do Serbia and Austria-Hungary dislike each other?
Austria-Hungary has lands from Greater Serbia, that Serbia wants back
Triple Alliance
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary (later includes Russia)
Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, Russia
Why did Bismark not want Russia to Ally with France?
Possible war on two fronts (western and eastern)
Wilhelm’s mistakes
Firing Bismarck, loosing treaty with Russia, building military
Why does Russia support Serbia?
Russia and Serbia share a large Slavic community (big bro little bro)
Who killed Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrillo Princip
What organization was Gavrillo Princip apart of?
The Black Hand
What is the Black hand?
Secret society against Austria-Hungary, resentful about taking land from Greater Serbia
What does Austria Hungary do after the assassination?
Demand that Serbia condemn any/all propaganda against A-H, legalized searches, etc.
Why does Austria Hungary declare war?
Support from Germany + Serbia not willing to do ALL demands
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary (later Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria) (previously Italy as well)
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Russia (later Japan, Italy, America)
Bloody Stalemate
When both sides of a battle cannot progress anymore, stuck in the middle
Schlieffen Plan
Attack and conquer France, focus on Russia
FIRST battle of the Marne
Germany successfully attacks and has a victory → goes to Russia, but France fights back with Britain → Schlieffen plan is stopped (soldiers fighting on two fronts)
No Man’s Land
Space between trenches
Battle of Somme (1916)
Bloody battle with little gains. (Germany, 4 mi. Britain 5 mi)
Western Front
Germany vs France + Britain, stalemate, tanks, etc.
Eastern Front
Germany vs. Russia, diverse terrain,
Why does Russia struggle in the war?
Lack of industrialization
Pals Battalion
Children/friend go to war together
Conscientious Objectors
People who did not want to contribute to the war (normally treated poorly)
Types of gasses in Trench Warfare:
Tear gas (nonlethal) Phosgene gas (lethal) Mustard gas (lethal) Chlorine (lethal)
Problem with Machine Guns
Often overheated - must cool them down
Use of Tanks
Travel across No Man’s Land, used as a sheild
Use of Flamethrowers
Killing soldiers from long distance (wire cutters)
Use of Airplanes
Surveillance → murder (german > french)
Use of Zeppelin
Too high for planes, dropping bombs, traveling long distance
Use of electricity
Alarms, radio communication, sonar, etc.
Tannenberg (1915-16)
German victory over Russia, destroys army
Gallipoli (1915-16)
Fighting for Dardanelles + Istanbul → Constantinople → briign supplies to Russia (Allies lost, Ottoman Empire won)
How did the Armenian Massacre happen? (1915-18)
Ottoman Empire was scared of Armenian population, kills them through concentration camp
What was the involvement of colonies in WWI?
France and Great Britain took German colonies and recruited them, along with their own colonies. Also encouraged labour for war effort
Why does America join the war?
Lustiana’s sinking, Zimmerman note
What did the Zimmerman note detail?
Germany’s want for an allyship with Mexico, to damage America from far away so that they don’t get involved with the war + also regain lands
Total War
All resources go to war effort
Role of women in WWI
Replacing men in society
Why did Russia withdrawal from the war?
People’s protest against Czar Nicholas → change of government
Why did the people of Russia protest against Czar Nicholas
Famines, no longer able to support the war
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Treaty between Russia and Germany during WWI
How did WWI end?
America beats Germany at it’s weakest → leads to agreement to end the war (Armistice)
Woodrow Wilson
President of the US at the time (14 points) (representative in Paris Peace Conference)
Georges Clemenceau
Leader of France (representative in Paris Peace Conference), blamed everything on Germany, did not agree with Wilson
David Lloyd George
Leader of Great Britain (representative in Paris Peace Conference)
Vittorio Orlando
Leader of Italy (representative in Paris Peace Conference)
Why were the 14 points rejected?
Great Britain and France wanted to punish Germany further
Germany’s punishment
Loss of money (pay ALL reparations), loss of land/colonies, loss of military
14 points
Wilson’s “ultimate plan to peace”
Germany’s feelings after the war/Paris Peace Confrence
Very resentful, do anything to take revenge → Hitler