MSK upper limb & back summary

where does pectoralis major attach from?

from the medial clavicle

and sternum

And costal cartilages 1-6

where do the fibres of pectoralis major insert?

combine and attach into the intertubercular groove of the humerus

what movements are carried out by pectoralis major?

2 heads act together to adduct and medially rotate

Clavicular head acts to flex

nerve supply of pectoralis major

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

what are the 2 heads of pectoralis major?

clavicular

Sternocostal

where does pectoralis minor attach from?

from the coracoid process of the scapula

Where do the fibres of pectoralis minor insert?

ribs 3, 4, 5

what movements are caused by pectoralis minor?

draws the scapula towards the thoracic wall (protraction)

And stabilises

nerve supply of pectoralis minor:

from medial pectoral nerve

where does serratus anterior attach from?

upper 8 ribs

where do the fibres of serratus anterior insert?

medial border and inferior angle of scapula

what movements are caused by serratus anterior?

draws the scapula forward and around the thoracic wall

Rotates the scapula

nerve supply of serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

winged scapula occurs when

There is damage to either the muscles or nerves associated with the medial border of the scapula - ie serratus anterior

Where do neurovascular structures eave the axilla superiorly?

Cervicoaxillary canal

Where do neurovascular structures eave the axilla anteriorly?

clavipectoral triangle

Where do neurovascular structures eave the axilla inferiorly and laterally?

into the upper limbs

Where do neurovascular structures eave the axilla inferiorly and medially?

along the thoracic wall

Where do neurovascular structures eave the axilla posteriorly?

quadrangular space

What passes through the quadrangular space?

axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Posterior circumflex humeral vein

what forms the superior border of the quadrangular space?

Teres minor

what forms the medial border of the quadrangular space?

long head of triceps brachii

what forms the lateral border of the quadrangular space?

shaft of humerus

what forms the inferior border of the quadrangular space?

teres major

what is this called?

triangular interval

What is this called?

triangular space

what forms the triangular space?

teres minor

Long head of triceps brachii

Teres major

what forms the triangular interval?

teres major

Long head of triceps brachii

Shaft of humerus

how does the axillary nerve pass out through the axilla?

through the quadrangular space

axillary nerve provides motor innervation to

Deltoid

Teres minor

what nerve provides motor innervation to deltoid?

axillary

what nerve provides motor innervation to teres minor?

axillary

Axillary gives cutaneous innervation to

the regimental patch region of the arm

what nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the regimental patch region?

axillary

what nerve innervates the glenohumeral joint?

axillary

Where does deltoid arise from?

lateral third of clavicle

Acromion process

Spine of scapula

where does deltoid insert?

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

what is the action of the anterior fibres of deltoid?

Aid in flexion and medial rotation of arm

what is the action of the posterior fibres of deltoid?

extend and laterally rotate the arm

what is the action of the middle fibres of deltoid?

abduct the arm past 15º

what muscle acts to abduct the arm past 15º?

middle fibres of deltoid

motor function of musculocutaneous nerve:

Flexor compartment of arm

motor function of median nerve:

flexor muscles of forearm

Thenar muscles

Lateral 2 lumbricals

motor function of ulnar nerve:

muscles of hand (except ½ loaf)

Some flexor muscles of forearm

motor function of radial nerve:

posterior compartment of arm and forearm

Sensory function of musculocutaneous nerve:

Lateral aspect of forearm

Sensory function of median nerve:

lateral aspect of palm

Lateral 3½ digits on palmar surface

Sensory function of ulnar nerve:

anterior and posterior surfaces of medial 1½ digits

And associated palm area

Sensory function of radial nerve:

skin in posterior arm and forearm

And lateral aspect of dorsum of hand

what is a dermatome

An area served by a single spinal nerve

what is cutaneous innervation

the area o the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve

what are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

C5, C6, C7

what are the roots of the axillary nerve?

C5, C6

what are the roots of the radial nerve?

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

what are the roots of the median nerve?

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

what are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

C8, T1

What nerve runs most laterally in the upper limb?

musculocutaneous

Which nerve pierces coracobrachialis?

musculocutaneous

What muscles are supplied by musculocutaneous nerve?

biceps Brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

what nerve supplies biceps brachii?

musculocutaneous

what nerve supplies brachialis?

musculocutaneous

what nerve supplies coracobrachialis?

musculocutaneous

what nerve gives cutaneous innervation to skin of forearm?

musculocutaneous

where does the median nerve run?

medially, and then in the midline of the forearm

what nerve innervates the following:

Flexor muscles of forearm

Thenar muscles

Lateral 2 lumbricals

median

what nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the following:

Lateral aspect of the palm

Lateral 3½ digits on palmar surface

median nerve

where does the ulnar nerve run?

medially in the upper limb

what nerve innervates the following:

Muscles of hand except ½ loaf

Some flexor muscles of forearm

ulnar

what nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the following:

Anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial 1½ digits and associated palm area

ulnar

where does the radial nerve exit the axilla?

via the triangular interval

where does the radial nerve run?

posteriorly in the radial groove of the humerus

what runs in the radial groove of the humerus?

radial nerve

Profunda brachii artery

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the arm/forearm?

Radial

what nerve gives cutaneous innervation to the following:

Posterior arm/forearm

Posterior/lateral aspect of dorsum of hand

radial

What are the ligaments of the clavicle/scapula?

acromioclavicular

Trapezoid

Conoid

Where does the conoid ligament attach and insert?

from the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle

where does the trapezoid ligament attach and insert?

from the coracoid process to the trapezoid line

what 2 ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament?

conoid and trapezoid

what are the joint surfaces of the glenohumeral joint?

head of humerus and glenoid fossa (& labrum) of scapula

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

synovial ball and socket

what ligaments are involved in the glenohumeral joint?

transverse humeral

Superior/middle/iinferior glenohumeral ligament

Coracohumeral ligament

which joint of the upper limb is not a true joint?

scapulothoracic joint

what are the connections of the scapulothoracic joint?

humeral head (glenohumeral joint)

Clavicle (acromioclavicular joint)

what are the 5 muscles that move the scapula?

rhomboids

Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

What are the anterior axioappendicular muscles?

pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

Subclavius

superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles:

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Deep posterior axioappendicular muscles:

rhomboid major

Rhomboid minor

Levator scapulae

Scapulohumeral posterior axioappendicular muscles:

rotator cuff

Teres major

Deltoid

where does teres major originate?

inferior posterior aspect of the scapula (Inferior angle)

where does teres major insert?

into the intertubercular groove of the humerus

what movements does teres major cause?

adduction and medial rotation of the humerus

teres major is innervated by

lower subscapular nerve

where does the lower subscapular nerve originate on the brachial plexus?

posterior cord

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff group?

supraspinatous

Infraspinatous

Teres minor

Subscapularis

where does teres minor originate?

posterior scapula near lateral border

where does Teres minor insert?

greater tubercle of the humerus

which muscle(s) of the rotator cuff group act to laterally rotate the arm?

teres minor

Infraspinatous

what is the action of teres minor?

laterally rotate the arm

where does subscapularis originate?

subscapular fossa of scapula

where does subscapularis insert?

lesser tubercle of the humerus