Introduction to Mountaineering

Mt. Apo

Davao City

2954 meters

above sea level

Mt. Dulang-Dulang

Bukidnon

2941 meters above

sea level

Mt. Pulag

Benguet, Ifugao, and

Nueva Vizcaya,

2922 meters above sea

level

___ is a physical activity

where participants try to reach the

summit or peak of a mountain (___) to experience the pleasure

of a climb.

Mountaineering, a

large landform that rises more than

500 meters above the surroundings

plains

___ refers to the sport of

mountain climbing, which includes

___.

mountaineering, rock climbing and skii

mountaineering

a physical and

mental activity that requires skills,

experience, common sense, and guits in

ascending and descending mountains.

mountaineering

___, climbed

Mont Blanc, the___ - in ___

Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard

and Jacques Balmat, tallest peak

in Western Europe, 1786

___ conquered

Mt. Everest - considered the

___ - in ___

Sir Edmund Hillary and

Tenzing Norgay, highest peak in the world

(8848m), 1953

___,

climbed Mt. Apo in ___

Don Jose Oyanguren, 1852

___, ___ -

successfully reach the summit

of Mt. Apo with the help of the

___

Don Joaquin Rajal, together

with Father Mateo Gisbert and

Dr. Joseph Montano, 1880, Bagobos

Health Benefits of Mountaineering

• Walking

• Improving Cardiovascular Endurance

• Positive impact on one’s mental health

• reduce the risk factor for various diseases

• develop musculo-skeletal strength

• boost metabolic endocrine and immune systems

• helps in reducing and or maintaining body weight

• improves mental agility and self-awareness

hazards of mountaineering (man-made hazards)

• subjective hazards

• lack of preparation and carelessness

• poor judgment and unsound decisions can also put one's health in danger.

• dehydration, falling, and overesxertion

hazards of mountaineering (natural hazards)

• objective hazards

• natural environment in the mountain and by the weather

• weather conditions, altitude, strong winds, rocks falls, and visibility.

• dangerous animals, plants, and other organisms are also natural hazards

early mountaineers classify mountains as ___

level I, II, and III

mountains whose height are 1000m above sea level or

less

level I

mountains whose height are 1000m TO 2000m above sea

level

level II

mountains whose height are over 2000m above sea

level

level III

According to an interview with ___

(one of the authors of Mountaineering in the

Philipppines), early mountaineers had accepted

two local classifications of mountaion climb -

___.

Long Henson, minor and major

requires a maximum of a

one-day hike to climb a

summit

minor climb

requires an overnight stay or

camping for several days.

major climb

In this system, mountaineers

identify how the trails are

navigated based onj the

terrain.

trail class

The terrain can be

navigated by walking and easy stroll.

trail class 1

Hikers walk along a

path/rugged terrain

trail class 2

Hikers scramble using

hands for balance at some points of the

terrain

trail class 3

Hikers would need to

climb easy cliffs but with enough drop

off. Some beginners should be roped.

trail class 4

At some points in the

terrain, hikers would need to use their

free hands in climbing.

trail class 5

At some points, there

will be a need to use artificial methods

to climb.

trail class 6

___ is an activity that requires

___. It is considered as a dangerous activity

because of ___ athat may be

encountered during a climb. Mountaineering is beneficial

not only to one's physical health but also to his or her

mental health as it helps improve mental agility and self-

awareness and reduce stress.

Mountaineering, physical strength, mental capacity, and emotional

intelligence, natural and man-made hazards