GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Gothic

used by Renaissance critics to express their scorn for the lack of conformity with Classical Greek and Roman standards of the art of this period

lack of conformity

The term “Gothic” was used by Renaissance critics to express their scorn for the _____________ with Classical Greek and Roman standards of the art of this period

Ile-de France

where did Gothic originated from?

Ile-de France

the area around Paris at around 1100

Gothic society

was comparatively an ordered feudalism.

Romanesque society

was a rural society centered on the monasteries and the churches

Gothic society

saw the rise of the urban cities, and trade became an active part of society

Craft guilds

formed to give protection and economic security to artisans with the same specialty

protection and economic security

Craft guilds formed to give ________ to artisans with the same specialty

middle class

constituted a new force to balance feudal aristocracy

Medieval Masons

sketch Villard de Honnecourt

Peter Parler

pages from Villard d’ Honnecourt, lodgebook

Matthias Roriczer

Villard de' Honnecourt

INCH

thumb

HAND

hand

SPAN

out-stretched hand

FOOT

foot

YARD

out-stretched arm

CUBIT

elbow to fingertips

St. Francis of Assisi, St. Dominic, St. Thomas Aquinas

Great religious men and saints:

St. Thomas Aquinas

St. Dominic

St. Francis of Assisi

St. Francis of Assisi

introduced not the angry and judgmental God but the Loving Savior who walked among men

Thomas Aquinas

reasoned, systematic method of argument

philosophy and art

Successful and inspiring synthesis of religion,

Divine Light of God

The whole visible world is but a refraction or reflection of the __________-

Cathedral

one primary building type

Gothic Architecture

Carved and Moulded architecture

Gothic Architecture

The building aesthetics looked lighter, higher, more transcendental than the Romanesque architecture; A visual sense of freedom

Gothic Architecture

“Skin and skeleton” architecture

dematerialization

a reduction of the amount of materials and energy used in a design solution

Windows

vault between structural elements

skeletal system

give the 6 characteristics of Gothic architecture

Church

planned in oblong bay covered with rib and panel vaulting or with open timber roofs

Naves

• divided into numerous bays

• grandeur was produced by the larger number of parts

convenience; symmetry

Arranged for _________ rather than for __________

Tower

• often crowed with spires

• predominant features

Spire

a tall accurate tapering pyramid cal structure surmounting a steeple or tower

Steeple

a tall ornamental structure, usually ending in a spire and surmounting the tower of a church or other public building

Fleche

a slender spire rising from the ridge of a roof, especially one above the crossing of a Gothic church

Flying Buttresses

a characteristic feature of Gothic construction, in which the lateral thrusts of a roof or vault are taken up by a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust

Milan Cathedral

Rising tower; intricacy resulting from numerous pinnacles

Skyline characteristics:

Window

• divided by mullions and horizontal transoms

• in enormous sizes, for the display of painted glass

• a translucent form of decoration which influenced the number and size of the windows

Fan vaults

1. Gothic Architecture

2. High Gothic Architecture

3. Late Gothic Architecture

Three phases of Gothic Architecture

Durham Cathedral

Sens Cathedral

Sens Cathedral

Choir of St. Denis

considered as the cradle of Gothic architecture

Laon Cathedral

considered the first Gothic Church

Saint Denis

Abbot Suger

Original Romanesque Church & Gothic Expansion

West facade of Saint Denis

Saint Denis near Paris

Saint Denis Transept and Choir

Laon Tower

Laon, Tower Detail sketched by Villard

To let light in

why is the wall system divided into four parts?

1. Clearstory

2. Triforium

3. Tribune

4. Arcade

Four parts of wall system:

Sexpartite Vaulting

1. Light (this notion started during the Romanesque period)

2. Colored, bright light through stained glass windows into the church

3. Not the ordinary everyday light

How can God represented on earth?

Laon Cathedral

Laon Cathedral

Laon Cathedral

Notre Dame, Paris

Notre Dame De Paris

Notre Dame De Paris

Notre Dame De Paris

No transept, plan is compact

Notre Dame De Paris

Gargoyle

Gargoyle

“make you not want to sin”

Gargoyle

used to channel water

arcade, clerestory, triforium

Interior elevation is composed of three sections:

Chartres Cathedral

Chartres Cathedral

Chartres Cathedral

Chartres Cathedral

Chartres Cathedral

Reims Cathedral

Reims Cathedral

Reims Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral

Amiens Cathedral

Late Gothic

“Flamboyant Period”

Salisbury Cathedral

Salisbury Cathedral

Salisbury Cathedral

Salisbury Cathedral

Milan Cathedral

Milan Cathedral

Laon

Notre Dame