Calcium - Book

This is the most abundant electrolyte in the body.

Calcium

Is calcium a cation or an anion?

Cation

What are the key functions of calcium in the body?

• Role in blood coagulation and nerve impulse transmission

• Regulates muscle contraction and relaxation

• Major structural component of bones and teeth

How is calcium obtained and lost in the body?

• Absorbed from food in the presence of normal gastric acidity and vitamin D

• Lost through feces and urine

• Sources: milk and dairy, beans, leafy greens, small fish with bones, peas

How is calcium regulated in the body?

• Controlled by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

• Excreted mainly via GI tract, partly by kidneys

• Influenced by phosphate levels: high phosphate ↓ serum calcium, low phosphate ↑ serum calcium

Common causes related to a calcium deficit?

Inadequate calcium intake

Impaired calcium absorption

Excessive calcium loss.

Manifestations of hypocalcemia?

• Numbness

• Tingling of fingers

• Mouth

• Feet

• Tetany

• Muscle cramps

• Seizures

Two major causes of hypercalcemia are?

Cancer

Hyperparathyroidism

Manifestations of hypercalcemia include?

• Nausea/Vomiting

• Constipation

• Bone pain

• Excessive urination

• Thirst

• Confusion

• Lethargy

• Slurred speech

True or False: Severe hypercalcemia is an emergency.

True