MODULE 9: DRUG ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

-ic or -ics

referring to the drugs.

-ia or -is

referring to the effect of the drugs.

Hypnotics

Drug that induces sleep, loss of consciousness.

also known as soporific / somnifacient.

anesthetic

drugs that produce deep sleep and loss of pain.

Nociceptor

Pain receptor of the body.

local anesthesia

loss of pain of limited part of the body but the animal is awake.

Regional anesthesia

loss of pain of a limited, but larger portion than local.

General anesthesia

Loss of pain of the whole body and there is loss of consciousness.

Basal anesthesia

Light level of anesthesia produce by pre anesthetic drug.

Surgical anesthesia

Part in the general anesthesia where in it is time to perform surgery.

Dissociative anesthesia

Produce disassociation of the patient from its environment.

True

The reason why surgery is usually cold is that it promotes a more effective and longer-lasting effect of anesthesia.

Analgesic

Drug that produce analgesia

Loss of pain without loss of consciousness.

Narcotics

drug that produce narcosis.

Narcosis

analgesia accompanied by deep sleep.

Nothria

Stuporous state is used to define mental and motor inactivity.

catalepsy

Rigidity of the muscle, so that the animal tends to remain is any position of placement.

Sedative

when the patient is awake but calm and free from nervousness.

This is usually used to quiet an excited animal.

loss of pain sensation and presence of drowsiness.

Tranquilizer

also known as ataractic or neuroleptic.

drug that produce ataraxia.

Ataraxia

the perfect peace or calmness of the mind.

More on physiological and emotional effects and there is no loss of pain.

Neuroleptanalgesia

Combined effect of ataraxia and loss of pain.

Given when the patient is at anesthetic risk.

balance anesthesia

Produced by pre-anesthetic, local anesthetic, and general anesthetic.

A.K.A as tri-as, 3 effects should be achieved such as: loss of pain, relaxation of muscles, deep sleep / narcosis

Stage of induction

seen on stage 1 and stage 2

it means the drug is already taking effect.

light surgical anesthesia

Pupillary refelx (using penlight)

palpebral refelex ( observe the eyelid)

Swallowing reflex

Aural reflex ( observe by touching the ear)

pedal reflex (using forceps to clip inter - digital pads to confirm )

Deep surgical anesthesia

All reflexes are gone.

This is the time to start performing surgery.

Maintain plane/stage 3 while performing surgery.

Epinephrine

doxaprans

nikethamide

oxygen therapy

Give these after surgery.

epinephrine

increase myocardial contraction but some anesthetic contradicts with epinephrine.

Nikethamide

is hard to find and is expensive.