Muddiest points (4): Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Offspring produced without a mate, genetically identical.

Sexual Reproduction

Involves two parents, creating genetically unique offspring.

Binary Fission

Asexual reproduction method, common in bacteria.

Budding

Asexual reproduction where new individuals develop from parent.

Genetic Diversity

Variation in genetic traits within a population.

Haploid Cells

Cells with one set of chromosomes (n).

Diploid Cells

Cells with two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Meiosis

Process producing haploid gametes from diploid cells.

Fertilization

Fusion of sperm and egg, forming a zygote.

Zygote

Diploid cell formed from sperm and egg fusion.

Ploidy

Number of chromosome sets in a cell.

Parthenogenesis

Asexual reproduction without male fertilization.

Costs of Sexual Reproduction

Finding mates can be dangerous or difficult.

Benefits of Sexual Reproduction

Increases genetic diversity, aiding adaptation.

Stable Conditions

Favors asexual reproduction due to efficiency.

Unstable Conditions

Favors sexual reproduction for genetic variation.

Túngara Frogs

Males attract mates but risk predation.

Whiptail Lizards

Example of asexual reproduction with limited diversity.

Komodo Dragons

Example of parthenogenesis, offspring have half genes.

Crossing Over

Exchange of genetic material during meiosis.

Independent Assortment

Random distribution of chromosomes during gamete formation.

Mutation

Change in DNA sequence; can affect offspring.

Female Investment

Females invest more resources in egg production.

Reproductive Mode

Refers to asexual or sexual reproduction method.

Environmental Selection

Determines the favored reproductive strategy.

Adaptation

Ability to adjust to environmental changes.

Genetic Variation

Differences in genes among individuals in a population.

Why don't males reproduce asexually

Sperm are cheap to produce; eggs are resource-heavy. Evolution favors female investment in quality

Do asexual species mutate

Yes, but without recombination, harmful mutations accumulate.

Why do mantises eat mates

Nutrient investment for offspring; not all species do this

Mode

asexual or sexual mode of reproduction