Chapter 2 review APES

the goat

Water's ability to act as a solvent explains which of the following phenomena?
I. High concentrations of dissolved ions in seawater
II. The capacity of living organisms to store many types of molecules in solution in their cells
III. Easy transport of toxic substances through the environment

I, II, and III

A negative feedback loop occurs

when a system responds to a change by returning it to its original state.

What is RNA?

A nucleic acid that makes possible the synthesis of proteins

Twenty-five Btu \= \___________ joules. (1 Btu \= 1,055 J)

26,375

An element is

composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller components.

Bases contribute \______________ to a solution.

negative hydroxide ions

Twenty-five Btu \= \___________ Megajoules (MJ ). (1 Btu \= 1,055 J)

0.026

The ability to do work describes

energy.

A substance with a pH of 4 has \____ times the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance with a pH of 6.

100

Compounds formed by elements that share electrons are held together by

covalent bonds.

Which is NOT an example of an open system?

A very deep cave

As you study for a midterm your desk becomes cluttered with notes, books, and random pieces paper. The desk will continue to get messier unless you expend energy to clean it up. This is an example of

entropy.

Chemical energy

is a form of potential energy.

Greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere

are increasing.

A dishwasher uses 700 watts each time it is run. The cycle takes one hour. It is run 150 times per year. How much energy can be saved in one year if the dishwasher is replaced by a more efficient model that uses only 500 watts each time it is run? Assume the frequency of use is the same. (1 kWh \= 3,600,000 J)

30 kWh

Use Passage 2-1. In Passage 2-1, only a fraction of the chemical or potential energy was converted into electricity. This decrease in the quality of energy is an example of

the second law of thermodynamics.

Energy is measured in

joules or calories.

Problems developed at Mono Lake because

its source water has been redirected for use by people in the Los Angeles area.

A systems analysis of an ecosystem could involve
I. inputs of nutrients.
II. outputs of energy.
III. evaporation.

I, II, and III

Which organic molecules are the basis of biological molecules important to life?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Which is NOT a cause of species extinction?

Negative feedback loops

A compound is a molecule composed of atoms

of more than one element.

A half-life measures

the time it takes for one-half of an original radioactive parent atom to decay.

You and a friend are going camping for the night and you both bring camping stoves. Your stove is 25 percent efficient, and uses 0.1 liters of propane fuel to boil 10 cups of water. Your friend's stove is 50 percent efficient. How much propane fuel will your friend need in order to boil 10 cups of water?

0.05 liters

Which would be an effective method to reduce water pollution in the Everglades National Park?

Artificial wetlands upstream of the park

Mono Lake is a terminal lake, which means that

water flows in but not out.

The second law of thermodynamics states that

all systems move toward increased entropy.

What is a protein?

A long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids

Water reaches its highest density at

4°C.

Isotopes of an element have the same

number of protons.