The Internet and the World Wide Web

-Network:

System connecting computers/resources.

Local Area Network, LAN:

short distance.

Wide Area Network, WAN

large distance; the Internet is the largest WAN.

Wireless LAN:

WiFi-based networks.

Metropolitan Area Network, MAN

larger than LAN but smaller than WAN.

Campus Area Network, CAN

multiple LANs within a campus.

SAN & System Area Network:

Specialized for storage and high-performance computing.

Internet Basics

Collection of interconnected networks.

Originated from ARPANET; developed by Vinton Cerf.

HISTORY OF INTERNET

Internet Growth Trends

- Growth from 111 hosts in 1977 to over 200 million by 2002.

- Projected 90% of the world’s population online by 2010.

IP Address:

Unique identifier for devices.

Packets

Small data chunks transmitted online.

Router

Directs packets to their destination.

Internet Resources

Types include Internet telephony, e-commerce, instant messaging, email, etc.

- Dial-up:

Slow connection via modem.

Cable Modems

Faster and always-on.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• Provides Internet access and telecommunications equipment.

• Requires user ID, password, and may have a monthly fee.

World Wide Web Basics

Interconnected files via hypertext; web pages from a website.

- Developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989.

- Tim Berners-Lee:

Father of the World Wide Web and inventor of HTML

Search Engine

- Software designed to search the web and present results as SERPs.

The Web Browser

Software that fetches and displays web documents (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).

Uniform Resource Locator: URL

Standard address for web resources.

URL KEY COMPONENTS

No spaces, case sensitivity, and common protocols like HTTP.

1. scheme

2. host

3. path

4. query string

Scheme

Protocol used (e.g., HTTP, FTP).

Host

Domain name or IP address.

Path

File location on the server

Query String:

Additional parameters for requests

URL Scheme

-Identifies the protocol for accessing resources; HTTPS indicates secure communication.

URL Host Name

Combines subdomain, second-level domain, and top-level domain (e.g., .com)

URL Path

Navigates subdirectories like folders in a compute

URL Query String

Provides additional information for resource requests, starting with ‘?’.

URL Suffix

● Classifications include .com, .gov, .edu, .org, etc.

Web Presence

Entity’s existence on the web; importance for individuals and businesses.

- E-commerce:

• Online transactions; caution advised for personal information.

• Transactions between organizations and individuals

E-business:

Internal processes enabled by digital technology.

Online Shopping

- Includes auctions, banking, and varied payment methods.

Online Entertainment

Streaming music, videos, gaming, and their legal aspects.

Online News and Reference

Access to news organizations and informational directories.

Online Education

Facilitates learning through web-based courses and distance learning.

Online Testing

Tests administered online; security is a concern.

Censorship and Privacy Issues

- Content blocking and filtering; privacy concerns regarding web activities

Cookies

- Small files aiding functionality; can track user activities.

B2C, B2B, C2C; technology-based commerce.

Major Types of E-Commerce

Business-to-Business E-commerce

Focused on selling to other businesses; largest form of e-commerce.

Consumer-to-Consumer E-commerce

- Consumers selling to each other; growth of online marketplaces.

Peer-to-Peer E-commerce

Facilitates sharing files and resources; examples include Napster and Skype.

Mobile E-commerce

- Transactions via mobile devices; prevalent in Japan and Europe.

Using Browsers

Basic functionalities: URL entry, navigation, bookmarks, and settings.