Review Quiz 5 - Terms

Foraker Act of 1900

Act that accorded Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government.

Insular Cases

A badly divided Supreme Court decreed that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would not necessarily enjoy all American rights.

Roosevelt Corollary

A statement given by Roosevelt in which he said that European participation in the Western Hemisphere had ended.

Meat Inspection Act

Stated that all preparation of meat shipped over state lines would need to be inspected from corral to can.

Pure Food and Drug Act

To prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals.

Panic of 1907

A financial panic where bankruptcies were triggered and caused the stock market to lose half its value from the previous year.

Muller v Oregon

The Supreme Court ruled that it was constitutional to enact laws that specifically protected women factory workers

Great Migration

The movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the urban North and West in two major waves.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

A fire in 1911 in New York City's Triangle Shirtwaist company. 146 workers, mostly women, were killed in the Shirtwaist factory fire because they were locked in their work rooms and unable to escape

New Freedom

A voluntary Medicaid funded program created by Wilson that allows eligible participants to receive services in their home and community while managing their own service plan and budget.

Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act

Provided for a substantial reduction of rates and enacted a graduated federal income tax.

Federal Trade Commission Act

This law empowered an appointed commission to investigate illegal business practices in interstate commerce like unlawful competition, false advertising, and mislabeling of goods.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Law extending the antitrust protections of the Sherman Antitrust Act and exempting labor unions and agricultural organizations from antimonopoly constraints

Central Powers

Germany and Austria-Hungary, later joined by Turkey and Bulgaria, made up this alliance against the Allies in World War I.

Allies

Great Britain, Russia, and France, later joined by Italy, Japan, and the United States, formed this alliance against the Central Powers in World War I.

U-Boats

German submarines proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone.

Zimmerman Note

German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman had secretly proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the United States.

Espionage Act

A law prohibiting interference with the draft and other acts of national “disloyalty.”

Treaty of Versailles

Established the terms of settlement of the First World War between Germany and the Allied and Associated Powers.

Ninteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote.

Fordism

Henry Ford, father of the moving assembly line, created the Model T.  By 1930, more than 20 million Model Ts were being driven in the country.

Immigration Act of 1924

Also known as the “National Origins Act,” this law established quotas for immigration to the United States.

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge, the act granted citizenship to all American Indians born in U.S. territory.

Scopes Trial

A court case that took place during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools.

Lost Generation

A creative circle of expatriate American artists and writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein, who found shelter and inspiration in post–World War I Europe.

Harlem Renaissance

A creative outpouring among African American writers, jazz musicians, and social thinkers, centered around Harlem in the 1920s

The Great Depression

the worst economic downturn in US history. It began in 1929 and did not abate until the end of the 1930s.

New Deal

The economic and political policies of Franklin Roosevelt’s administration in the 1930s, which aimed to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the unemployed and launching efforts to stimulate economic recovery.

Hundred Days

The first ____ of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration, stretching from March 9 to June 16, 1933

National Recovery Administration

the ___ was an early New Deal program designed to assist industry, labor, and the unemployed through centralized planning mechanisms.

Dust Bowl

Grim nickname for the Great Plains region devastated by drought and dust storms during the 1930s.

Fair Labors Standards Act

Important New Deal labor legislation that regulated minimum wages and maximum hours for workers involved in interstate commerce.

Social Security Act

A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees

Keynesianism

An economic theory based on the thoughts of British economist John Maynard Keynes, holding that central banks should adjust interest rates.

London Economic Conference

A sixty-six-nation economic conference organized to stabilize international currency rates.

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937

Short-sighted acts passed to prevent American participation in a European war.

Quarantine Speech

An important speech delivered by Franklin Roosevelt in which he called for “positive endeavors” to “quarantine” land-hungry dictators, presumably through economic embargoes

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

Idealistic American volunteers who served in the Spanish Civil War, defending Spanish republican forces from the fascist General Francisco Franco’s nationalist coup

Hitler-Stalin Pact

Treaty signed on August 23, 1939, in which Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not to fight each other.

America First Committee

An isolationist advocacy group formed in September 1940 that opposed American intervention in the Second World War.

World War 2

Global conflict involving major powers, including the United States, which led to significant changes in political, social, and economic systems.

Lend Lease Act

A program through which the United States provided its allies with military and economic aid during World War II.

Rosie the Riveter

A cultural icon representing American women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, contributing to the war effort.

GI Bill

Legislation that provided benefits to World War II veterans, including financial assistance for education and housing.

Baby Boom

A significant increase in the birth rate in the United States, resulting in a larger generation of Americans born during this period

Truman Doctrine

US policy to provide economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism

Marshall Plan

A US program that provided financial aid to European countries for rebuilding after World War II, aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

McCarthyism

A period of intense anti-communist suspicion and persecution led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, resulting in the blacklisting and harassment of many individuals

Korean War

A conflict between North and South Korea, with the United States supporting the South and the Soviet Union and China supporting the North.

Brown v Board of Education

A Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Montgomery Bus boycott

A civil rights protest in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to fight against racial segregation.

Sputnik

The first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union, marking the beginning of the Space Race between the US and USSR

Eisenhower Doctrine

A US policy aimed at providing military and economic aid to Middle Eastern countries threatened by communism

Civil Rights act of 1957

The first federal civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, aimed at protecting African Americans' right to vote.

U-2 incident

The downing of a US spy plane by the Soviet Union, leading to increased tensions between the two superpowers.

Greensboro Sit-ins

A series of nonviolent protests at lunch counters in Greensboro, North Carolina, which led to the desegregation of these facilities.

Suburbanization

The rapid growth of suburbs as people moved out of cities, driven by factors such as the GI Bill, affordable housing, and the desire for a better quality of life.

Levittown

The first mass-produced suburban housing development in the United States, serving as a symbol of postwar suburbanization.

Interstate Highway System

A nationwide network of highways established under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, promoting economic growth and facilitating suburbanization.

Beat Generation

A literary movement that rejected conventional societal norms, with influential authors such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg.