ARTS AND CRAFTS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA

> MAJOR BELIEF SYSTEMS

• Islam

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Christianity

TOPIC 1: TRADITIONAL ATTIRES

1. INDONESIA:

> FEMALES

• Kebaya - top

• Sarong/Batik - skirt

> MALES

• Baju Koko - top

• Peci/Songkok - cap

2. MALAYSIA:

> FEMALES

• Baju Kurung/Kebaya - top

• Kemban - dress

• Tundung/Selendang - hijab

> MALES

• Baju Melayu - top

• Sampin - skirt

• Tengkolok - cap

3. THAILAND:

> FEMALES

• Chut Thai Phra Ratcha Niyam - dress

• Bhasin - skirt

• Sabai - shawl

> MALES

• Sua Phra Ratch Tan - suit and pants

TOPIC 2: SCULPTURES

1. INDONESIA

   • Garuda - mythical eagle

2. MALAYSIA

   • Lord Murugan Statue - Hindu deity

3. THAILAND

   • Yaksha - temple guardians

> BUDDHIST ART

• Three poses: sitting, standing, dying

• Pali Canon - a collection of Buddhist scriptures, says that Buddha has 32 major and 8 secondary traits that made him a great man

• Ushnisha - hair crown (enlightenment and spiritual reliance)

• Urna - circular dot (third eye, offers insight and wisdom)

• Mudras - hand gestures (means differently based on poses)

TOPIC 3: ARCHITECHTURES

1. INDONESIA

   • Candi - monolithic temples (Prambanan: Hindu Temple, Borobudur: Buddhist Temple)

2. MALAYSIA

   • Sri Mahamariamman - Hindu Temple

   • Longhouse

   • Petronas Twin Towers

   • Georgetown - UNESCO World Heritage Site of Malaysian Colonial Architecture

3. THAILAND

   • Wat Pho - Temple of Reclining Buddha

TOPIC 4: PUPPETS

> Wayang - refers to the theater performance that uses puppets or human dancers, a popular form of entertainment in Indonesia

1. Wayang Kulit (shadow puppet)

• made of stretched and dried cow leather, intricately carved and etched to create a silhouette figure

• recognized by UNESCO as “masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity”

2. Wayang Golek (wooden puppet)

• made of intricately carved wood and adorned with decoration

• its movements appear to mimic human dance

> Nang Yai - “large hide”

• 2 meters in height

• oldest traditional form of entertainment of Thailand; a shadow puppet with no movable parts

• include ritual of thanksgiving and reverence to teachers, humans and the divine

TOPIC 5: BATIK

• originated in Java, Indonesia

• wax-resistant dyeing technique

• word came from AMBATIK which means “many dots”

> STEPS IN MAKING BATIK

1. Draw the pattern (sketch on cloth)

2. Apply the wax (using a copper canting, wax functions as a seal)

3. Dye the fabric (wax protects patterns from being dyed, then it is hanged to dry)

4. Removing the wax (fabric is placed in hot water, wax is scooped from water to reuse)

5. Reapply wax (if you wish to add more colors, repeat the steps)

> TOOLS USED IN BATIK

• Tjanting - pen-like

• Tjap - “cap”, stamp

• Wajan - metal pot for wax to stay liquid

> TYPES OF BATIK DESIGNS

• Nitik - woven texture

• Kawung - intersecting circles with dots

• Ceplok - geometric shapes

• Parang - knife-like design

TOPIC 6: WAU KITE

• also known as “layang-layang”

• Malaysian

• traditionally played after harvest or a long day’s toil in the fields

> MATERIALS USED IN WAU KITE

• bamboo covered with thin paper cutouts of different patterns and colors

• Foil for shimmer and beauty

> TYPES OF WAU KITE

• Wau Bulan - Moon

• Wau Kucing - Cat

• Wau JalaBudi - Woman

• Wau Merak - Peacock

• Wau Barat - Leaf

> BALANCE

• Symmetrical - same on both sides

• Asymmetrical - different on both sides