BMD

What effect would an increased ΔP have on blood flow (F) if there was no change in resistance?

a. increased flow

b. no change

c. decreased flow

d. insufficient information given to answer

a. increased flow

Which statement accurately describes veins?

a. display small lumens and thick walls

B. all carry blood towards heart

C. large veins do not contain valves

D. all carry blood away from heart

B. all carry blood towards heart

Blood leaving the terminal arteriole feeds directly into a ___ in capillary beds.

a. postcapillary venule

B. metarteriole

C. true capillary

D. thoroughfare channel

B. metarteriole

Turbulence in a blood vessel resulting from an atheroma causes:

a. disruption of laminar flow

B. decreased peripheral resistance

c. increased blood flow

D. no change in local pressures

a. disruption of laminar flow

Place the following vessels in correct order from most proximal to the heart to most distal.

A. elastic arteries > muscular arteries > arterioles

B. distributing arteries > arterioles > elastic arteries

C. conducting arteries > arterioles > distributing arteries

D. arterioles > muscular arteries > elastic arteries

A. elastic arteries > muscular arteries > arterioles

Which of the following is absent in continuous capillaries of the blood-brain barrier?

a. tight junctions

B. intercellular clefts

C. endothelium

D. basement membrane

B. intercellular clefts

Vascular anastomoses or merging vessels are most often seen in___blood circulation.

a. arterial

b. venous

c. arteriole

d. coronary

b. venous

Which of the following would NOT affect blood flow (F)?

a. vessel length

B. platelet count

C. vessel diameter

D. blood viscosity

B. platelet count

What capillary type shows an incomplete basement membrane alone with window- like pores (hint: sluggish)?

a. Sinusoidal

B. continuous

C. blood-brain barrier

D. fenestrated

a. Sinusoidal

Conducting arteries also called___

arteries.

a. Elastic

b. Muscular

c. Terminal

d. Distributing

a. Elastic

What layer (tunic) would a surgeon cut through LAST to remove a blood clot from the lumen of a large vein?

a. Interna

b. Media

c. Externa

d. Adventitia

a. Interna

What type of blood vessel can contain 60-65% of blood supply at any one time (hint: capacitance reservoirs)?

a. arterioles

b. arteries

c. veins

d. capillaries

c. veins

Fenestrated capillaries are:

a. active in absorption or filtrate formation

b. less permeable than continuous capillaries

c. associated with sluggish blood flow

d. lacking in a complete basement membrane

Blood flow (F) in the entire systemic circulation is:

a. equal to cardiac output (CO)

b. directly proportional to encountered resistance ®

c. greater during vasoconstriction

d. indirectly proportional to ΔP

a. equal to cardiac output (CO)

Which of the following blood vessels are active in vasoconstriction (hint: muscular)?

a. distributing arteries

b. Arterioles

c. conducting arteries

d. postcapillary venules

b. Arterioles

Which artery tunic has circularly arranged smooth muscle and elastin sheets (hint: bulk of vessel wall)?

a. Interna (intima)

b. Media

c. Externa

d. Adventitia

b. Media

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures resulting from a blood pressure reading is called:

a. Mean arterial pressure

b. ΔP

c. Pulse pressure

d. Aortic pressure

c. Pulse pressure

Which of the following represents the correct order of lymph flow back towards the heart?

a. collecting vessels > ducts > capillaries > trunks

b. capillaries > collecting vessels > trunks > ducts

c. ducts > collecting vessels > capillaries > trunks

d. capillaries > trunks > collecting vessels > ducts

b. capillaries > collecting vessels > trunks > ducts

What characteristic differentiates a lymph node from all other lymphoid tissue?

a. involved in immune surveillance

b. contains B cells

c. filters lymph

d. contains reticular tissue

c. filters lymph

Which of the following is the lymphoid organ where naive T-cells learn how to recognizeself/non-self-antigens (hint: decreases in size in adults)?

a. spleen

b. tonsils

c. Thymus

d. Appendix

c. Thymus

Excessive body weight from obesity causes:

a. increased peripheral resistance

b. decreased peripheral resistance

c. increased blood flow

d. decreased blood vessel length

a. increased peripheral resistance

Which of the following is a major function of immune system T-lymphocytes?

a. antigen presenting cell stimulating tolerance

b. recognizes foreign (non-self) antigens

c. early precursors of plasma cells

d. phagocytosis of foreign substances

b. recognizes foreign (non-self) antigens

What superficial body region does not contain lymph nodes clusters?

a. Inguinal

b. Lumbar

c. axillary

d. cervical

b. Lumbar

Intrapulmonary pressure (Palv) is defined as:

a. pressure within pleural cavity

b. pressure within lung alveoli

c. pressure in intrapleural space

d. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure

b. pressure within lung alveoli

The respiratory membrane is an air-blood barrier composed of ___ fused epithelial-endothelial basement membranes, and ____

a. type 1 cells + pulmonary capillary walls

b. pulmonary capillary walls + surfactant

c. pulmonary capillary walls + type ll cells

d. alveolar pores + pulmonary capillary walls

a. type 1 cells + pulmonary capillary walls

The pitch of a person's voice depends on:

a. thickness of vestibular folds

b. length and tension of vocal folds

c. strength of intrinsic laryngeal muscles

d. force which air rushes across vocal folds

b. length and tension of vocal folds

What respiratory muscle(s) contracts to provide a forceful expiration?

a. serratus anterior

b. external intercostals

c. Pectoralis minor

d. internal intercostals

d. internal intercostals

Lung vital capacity does not include the following volume.

a. residual volume

b. inspiratory reserve volume

c. tidal volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

a. residual volume

Which of the following is not a feature of the right lung?

a. oblique fissure

b. cardiac notch

c. middle lobe

d. horizontal fissure

b. cardiac notch

The___is a keel-shaped tracheal cartilage that marks the end of the trachea and the beginning of the main bronchi.

a. arytenoid

b. Cuneiform

c. corniculate

d. carina

d. carina

intrinsic lung disorders destroy:

a. Pleura

b. Nerves

c. Chest wall elasticity

d. Alveoli

d. Alveoli

Which larynx structure is composed of elastic cartilage?

a. Cricoid

b. arytenoid

c. corniculate

d. epiglottis

d. epiglottis

What conducting zone structure is responsible for routing air and food into their proper channels (hint: epiglottis)?

a. Bronchus

b. Oropharynx

c. Larynx

d. Carina

c. Larynx

Alveolar type I cells:

a. secrete surfactant

b. trap dust and other debris

c. are cuboidal epithelium

d. form alveolar walls

d. form alveolar walls

The first respiratory zone structure performing gas exchange is called a(n)___.

a. tertiary bronchiole

b. alveolar sac

c. respiratory bronchiole

d. Alveolar duct

c. respiratory bronchiole

Obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by:

a. increased lung volume + decreased effectiveness of inspiration

b. decreased airway resistance + increased effectiveness of expiration

c. decreased lung volume + decreased effectiveness of inspiration

d. increased airway resistance + decreased effectiveness of expiration

d. increased airway resistance + decreased effectiveness of expiration

According to Boyle's law (PiV1 = P2V2) as lung volume goes up alveolar pressure:

a. also goes up

b. goes down

c. remains the same

d. reaches equilibrium with atmospheric pressure

b. goes down

Most CO2 is transported in blood plasma:

a. bound to hemoglobin

b. as bicarbonate ion (HC03)

c. as free carbon dioxide

d. bound to chloride (CI)

b. as bicarbonate ion (HC03)

When atmospheric pressure (Patm) is 757 mmHg and is at equilibrium with intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) the intrapleural pressure (Pip) should bemm Hg

a. 749

B. 753

C. 755

d. 759

B. 753

What respiratory process involves gas exchange between the blood and body tissues?

a. Pulmonary ventilation

b. external respiration

c. Transport

d. internal respiration

d. internal respiration

What scroll-like areas extend medially from lateral walls of nasal cavity and are covered with mucosal tissue (hint: air turbulence)?

a. conchae

b. vibrissae

c. nasal apertures

d. vestibule

a. conchae

Which nerves carry impulses from medullary respiratory centers to diaphragm to cause its contraction?

a. Vagus

b. Accessory

c. phrenic

d. trigeminal

c. phrenic