The Industrial Revolution #1

Flashcards about The Industrial Revolution. The flashcards cover the topics: Industrial Revolution, enclosure, crop rotation, industrialization, factors of production, factory, entrepreneur, textile industry, flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule, power loom, cotton gin, steam engine, Clermont, canals, turnpikes, railroad locomotive, and The Rocket.

Industrial Revolution

The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s.

Enclosure

Large fields, where landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields.

Crop Rotation

The process improved upon older methods of crop rotation, such as the medieval three-field system. Example: a farmer might plant wheat, followed by turnips, barley, and then clover.

Industrialization

The process of developing machine production of goods.

Factors of Production

The resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required. They included land, labor, and capital (or wealth).

Factory

Large buildings that housed machines, taking the work of spinning and weaving out of the house.

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

Textile Industry

Industry that was the first to be transformed in Britain. It clothed the world in wool, linen, and cotton.

Flying Shuttle

A shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels, doubling the work a weaver could do in a day.

Spinning Jenny

Allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time.

Water Frame

Used the waterpower from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels.

Spinning Mule

Made thread that was stronger, finer, and more consistent than earlier spinning machines.

Power Loom

Sped up weaving after its invention in 1787.

Cotton Gin

Multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned.

Steam Engine

Stemmed from the search for a cheap, convenient source of power.

Clermont

Steamboat, which made its first successful trip in 1807. The Clermont later ferried passengers up and down New York’s Hudson River.

Canals

Human-made waterways.

Turnpikes

New roads because travelers had to stop at toll-gates (turnstiles or turnpikes) to pay tolls before traveling farther.

Railroad Locomotive

A steam engine on wheels that drove English industry after 1820.

The Rocket

Locomotive designed by Stephenson and his son, which hauled a 13-ton load at an unheard-of speed—more than 24 miles per hour.