bis2b practical answers

Mitochondria

Organelles found in plants, animals, and fungi where cellular respiration occurs.

Autotrophs

Organisms, like plants, that can produce their own food using light or chemical energy.

Heterotrophs

Organisms, like fungi, that consume other organisms for energy.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert CO2 and light energy into glucose and oxygen.

Species richness

The number of different species present in a particular habitat.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

A principle that describes the genetic variation in a population under an idealized set of conditions.

Intraspecific competition

Competition between individuals of the same species.

Inter-specific competition

Competition between individuals of different species.

r-selected species

Species that reproduce quickly and in large numbers, often colonizing quickly.

K-selected species

Species that produce fewer offspring but invest more resources in their survival.

Allele frequencies

The relative frequency of an allele at a genetic locus in a population, expressed as a fraction.

Genotype frequencies

The proportion of different genotypes in a population.

Null hypothesis

A statement that there is no effect or no difference, used as a starting point for statistical testing.

Surface area to volume ratio

A critical factor that influences nutrient exchange in organisms.

Ecological succession

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

Breathing rate

The rate at which an organism takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide.

Trophic levels

The hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising producers, consumers, and decomposers.

Diversity index

A measure that accounts for both the number of species and their relative abundances.