Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism (1812-1824)

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

A pivotal conflict in the Creek War fought on March 27, 1814

• led by General Andrew Jackson who defeated the Red Stick Creek Indians

resistance, expansion, political career

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend ended Creek ?, contributed to American ?, and laid the groundwork for Andrew Jackson’s future ?

Battle of New Orleans

The final major conflict of the War of 1812 fought on January 8, 1815

• Led by General Andrew Jackson who completely clapped the British

Ghent, nationalism, influence

The Battle of New Orleans occurred right after the Treaty of ? (Jackson hadn’t got the news yet)

• Shaped post-war American ?

• Significantly increased Andrew Jackson’s ?

Hartford Convention

A series of meetings of New England Federalists to discuss grievances after the War of 1812

• they didn’t like the political power the southern states had

unpatriotic, suffered, dissolved

The Hartford Convention was regarded as ? by the American people as they had just “won” the War of 1812 and defended American liberty

• Federalist Party’s reputation ? and eventually got ?

Rush-Bagot Agreement

A treaty between the U.S. and Great Britain in 1817 to limit naval armaments in the Great Lakes

• reduced conflicts between the two nations

peace, Canada, diplomacy, military conflict

The Rush-Bagot Agreement created long-lasting ? between the U.S. and ?

• Stressed the benefit of emphasizing ? over ?

The American System

An economic plan created by Henry Clay in the early 19th century

• designed to promote national unity and economic growth

• Henry Clay was John Quincy Adam’s Secretary of State

• Established the Second Bank of the United States

banking, tariffs, roads and canals

Henry Clay’s American System had three main components

• a strong ? system

• protective ?

• a network of ?

southern states, federal, state

Henry Clay’s American System proposition faced opposition from the ?

• presented debates over ? vs ? power

Era of Good Feelings

An era of national unity and political harmony following the War of 1812 from 1815 to 1825

sectionalism, nationalism

During the Era of Good Feelings, ? over ? and personal interests secretly grew and would challenge the unified nation

Panic of 1819

the first major financial crisis in the U.S. marked by widespread economic downturn and bank failures

land, cotton, credit

The Panic of 1819 was sparked by many factors such as

• speculative ? purchases

• a decline in ? prices

• tight ? policies from the 2nd Bank of the U.S.

banking, regulations

The Panic of 1819 led to debates over ? practices and government ?

Tallmadge Amendment

An amendment proposed by Congressman James Tallmadge Jr. in 1819

• aimed to restrict the spread of slavery into Missouri

sectional tensions, Missouri Compromise

The Tallmadge Amendment reflected growing ? and was a key factor in the ?

Missouri Compromise of 1820

A legislative agreement aimed at resolving the sectional conflict over the expansion of slavery into the new territories

slave state, free state

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 admitted Missouri as a ? while Maine became a ?

slavery

The Missouri Compromise illustrated the deepening division over ?

McCulloch vs Maryland

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of federal supremacy over state laws in 1819

• Maryland tried to tax the National bank saying it operated without state permssion

• Chief Justice Marshall said “nah” and ruled the federal government had these implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause

interpretation, authority, central government

McCulloch vs Maryland laid the foundation for a more expansive ? of federal ?

• contributed to a stronger ?

Anglo-American Convention of 1818

An agreement between the U.S. and Great Britain that resolved several territorial disputes

• improved diplomatic relations

border, 49th

The Anglo-American Convention of 1818 established the US-Canada ? along the ? parallel

negotiations, territorial

The Anglo-American Convention of 1818 set the stage for future ? and ? agreements in terms of American diplomacy

Adam-Onis Treaty of 1819

An agreement between the U.S. and Spain that resolved territorial disputes and defined boundaries between the two nations

• Florida was ceded from Spain to the U.S. for $5 million

• Created a border between New Spain and the U.S.

influence, presence, Manifest Destiny

The Adam-Onis Treaty of 1819 let America grow its ? and eliminate foreign ?

• significant step towards ?

Monroe Doctrine

A key policy statement that warned European nations against further colonization and intervention in the Americas

• President James Monroe articulated it in 1823

involved, responsibility

Monroe Doctrine stated that if European nations tried to do any funny business again in the Americas that the U.S. would get ?

• Monroe thought the U.S. had a ? to protect these nations

nationalism, confidence

The Monroe Doctrine represented growing ? and ? in the U.S.;

Russo-American Treaty of 1824

An agreement between the U.S. and Russia that defined the boundaries of Russian territories in North America

• limited to areas north of the 54°40' parallel

limiting, negotiations, Alaska

The Russo-American Treaty of 1824 reflected American interests in ? Russian expansion and utilizing diplomatic ?

• affirmed U.S. sovereignty over ?