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Haemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells that binds reversibly with oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues for cellular respiration.
Carbonic anhydrase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, facilitating CO₂ transport in the blood.
Haemoglobinic acid
A compound formed when haemoglobin binds to hydrogen ions, helping to buffer blood pH.
Carbaminohaemoglobin
A form of haemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide by binding directly to its amino groups.
Chloride shift
The process of chloride ions entering red blood cells while bicarbonate ions exit, maintaining electrochemical balance.
Plasma
The liquid component of blood that transports carbon dioxide, primarily as bicarbonate ions.
Oxygen dissociation curve
A graph showing the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen.
Bohr shift
The phenomenon where the oxygen dissociation curve shifts right due to increased carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and temperature, enhancing oxygen release in tissues.