Human Body Systems

What gets kept in the blood?

Water, salt , sugar, and nutrients

What gets deposited into the urine?

Liver toxins (urea and other nitrogenous wastes), extra H2O, extra salt

How does the liquid get reabsorbed into the blood?

Through diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.

what does the glomerular filter out?

It filters out everything in the blood except for cells and large substances.

What gets reabsorbed?

Glucose, amino acids, water, electrolytes, etc.

What gets secreted?

Anything not needed in the blood (H+ ions, waste, anything extra)

If there is low water in blood, what happens?

1. Pituitary gland releases ADH into blood

2. ADH gets to nephron

3. Aquaporins allow for the reabsorption of H2O

Why do our bodies need water?

Thermoregulation (sweat cooling), dissolved materials (ex: NaCl → Na+Cl- - Needed for neurons to fire), medium (environment) for chemical reactions, lubricate the joints.

What is too many electrolytes relative to water called?

Hypernatremia

What is too few electrolytes relative to water?

Hyponatremia

What causes too many electrolytes?

Dehydration/water loss (via sweat, diarrhea, increased urine volume) and not replacing it.

Does hypernatremia cause high or low blood pressure?

Low blood pressure.

Does hyponatremia cause high or low blood pressure?

High blood pressure.

What is the range range between too high and too low plasma sodium levels?

135 mEq/L - 145 mEq/L