Lecture Notes Vocabulary

Flashcards of key vocabulary terms and definitions from the lecture notes.

Occipital

The bone that forms the back of the skull.

Synarthrosis

Immovable joint.

Amphiarthrosis

Joint that allows slight movement.

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joint.

Ball and socket joint

Type of joint exemplified by the hip joint.

Synarthrosis joint

Located in the skull bones, immovable.

Amphiarthrosis joint

Located in the vertebral bodies or pubic symphysis

Intercostal Space

The space in between the ribs.

Diaphragm

Main muscle of the respiratory system.

Prime mover

Main muscle that provides a given movement.

Epiphysis

Area on the distal ends of the long bone.

Diaphysis

Shaft of the bone.

ACH (Acetylcholine)

Main chemical in the neuromuscular junction that helps move the electrical signal.

Abduction

Moving a limb away from the body.

Adduction

Bringing a limb toward the center of the body.

Trapezius

Muscle that helps to pull the shoulder back.

Muscles of mastication

Used for chewing.

Function of the skin

Protection, insulation, temperature regulation, synthesizes vitamin D, and secretes substances.

Melanin

Determines the skin color.

Keratin

Substance that makes our skin water resistant.

Parietal and Visceral Membrane

Membranes that surround the lungs

Intrapleural space

Protects lungs, provides lubrication for expansion.

Right lung

More vertical than horizontal.

Apocrine glands

Glands that are found more in teenage boys after puberty.

Hypothalamus

Located in the brain.

Nasal cavity

Structure in the respiratory system that moistens the air.

Cartilaginous rings

Reinforces the trachea to keep it open.

Acidic Blood

High hydrogen ions, number below 7.35.

Alkalosis

Low carbon dioxide, low hydrogen ions, number greater than 7.45.

Three main layers of the skin

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous (or hypodermis).

Low body temperature

Vasoconstriction.

High body temperature

Vasodilation

Alveoli

Where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Where to find the alveoli

Branches of Bronchioles.

Apnea

Temporary cessation of breathing.

Tachypnea

Breathing too fast.

Bradypnea

Slow respiratory rate.

Ventilation

One breath in, one breath out.

Diffusion

Process by which gas exchange happens in the alveoli.

Cardiac Valves Order

Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral, Aortic

Tricuspid Valve

Sits between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Mitral Valve

Sits between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Aortic Valve

Sits between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Pulmonary Valve

Keeps blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.

Stroke Volume

Amount of blood injected by ventricles per beat or per contraction.

Pericardium

Fibrous sac that encloses the heart

Coronary arteries

Make sure that oxygenated blood is delivered to the myocardium.

Cardiac output

Heart rate times stroke volume.

Aorta

Puts oxygenated blood in the rest of the body.

SA node

Structure that initiates heartbeat.

Atrial Systole

Contraction of the atrial chambers.

Ventricular Systole

Contraction of ventricular pumps blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Complete Diastole

Atria filled with blood, which flows directly into the relaxed ventricles.

Veins

Vessels that bring blood back to the heart.

Type of blood in the left ventricle

Oxygenated.

System influencing heart rate

Autonomic Nervous System.

Systolic Pressure

Maximum arterial pressure.

Body Response To When Blood Pressure Goes Up

Vasodilation.

Body Response To When Blood Pressure Goes Down

Vasoconstriction