Biomes and their Abiotic and Biotic factors | Module 2 Lesson 1 | Honors Biology

9th Grade Hnr/Bio

TUNDRA abiotic factors

short, cool summers; long cold winters; little precipitation, nutrient-poor soil; has a permanently frozen layer of soil and ice(permafrost)

TUNDRA biotic factors

small shrubs, grasses, mosses, wild flowers, caribou, wolves, polar bears, musk oxen, artic fox, snowshoe hair

BOREAL/TAIGA FOREST abiotic factors

short, cool, wet summers; long, cold, dry winters, thin, nutrient-poor soil, acidic, soil is carried down mountains by streams

BOREAL/TAIGA FOREST biotic factors

spruce, fir and evergreen trees, moose, foxes, bears, chipmunks, lynx, ermine, wolves, birds in summer

ALPINE abiotic factors

snow covered mountains, short, cool summers; long cold winters; little precipitation, thin, nutrient-poor soil, large rocks

ALPINE biotic factors

small shrubs, mountain goats, sheep

DECIDUOUS FOREST abiotic factors

mild, wet summers; cold, wet winters, thick, nutrient-and organic rich soil, dark brown in color

DECIDUOUS FOREST biotic factors

trees that lose leaves in autumn, oak, birch, hickory and maple trees, deer, squirrels, rabbits, bears, frogs, snakes, birds, insects

GRASSLAND abiotic factors

hot summers; cold winters; some rain, thick, nutrient-rich soil, light-brown to red in color

GRASSLAND biotic factors

grasses, shrubs, mice, prairie dogs, coyotes, foxes, snakes, birds

CHAPARRAL abiotic factors

low elevation hills, hot, dry summers; mild, rainy winters, thin, nutrient-poor soil, sand and small rocks

CHAPARRAL biotic factors

shrubs, some small trees, sagebrush, foxes, rabbits, coyotes, road runners, skunks, birds

DESERT abiotic factors

hot, dry, summers; short, cool winters; very little precipitation, sandy or coarse-grained, high mineral content in soil

DESERT biotic factors

cacti, shrubs, yucca, bunch grass, lizards, small rodents, snakes, insects

TROPICAL RAINFOREST abiotic factors

warm all year long; long wet season and short dry season, thick, nutrient-poor soil; acidic, dense plant growth use up available nutrients quickly

TROPICAL RAIN FOREST biotic factors

tall trees with wide leaves, vines, snakes, butterflies, chimpanzees, insects, large diversity of plants and animals

SAVANNA abiotic factors

hot; fairly dry; alternating wet and dry seasons, thin, nutrient-poor soil, with cement-like layer beneath soil

SAVANNA biotic factors

baobab tree, gum tree, acacia tree, thorn bushes, grasses, lions, wildebeests, elephants, zebra, hyena, cheetah, giraffe

POLAR ICE abiotic factors

very cold, very short summers, ice floes, soil is covered by ice most of the year

POLAR ICE biotic factors

very small shrubs, penguins, polar bears, stoats, lichens, migratory species

FRESHWATER LAKE location

small to large bodies of water surrounded by land

FRESHWATER LAKE characteristics

vary greatly in the amount of dissolved oxygen and nutrients, and the types of organisms they can support

FRESHWATER LAKE organisms

aquatic plants, phytoplankton, zooplankton, invertebrates; where there is enough oxygen, fishes

RIVER location

moving freshwater

RIVER characteristics

vary in water temperature, and water nutrients are dependent upon location

RIVER organisms

phytoplankton, rooted plants, fishes, and invertebrates

ESTUARY location

transition zone between river mouth and marine biome

ESTUARY characteristics

brackish (salty) water from mixing with seawater, salinity changes with tides

ESTUARY organisms

aquatic grasses and algae, invertebrates, food species such as crabs and oysters

WETLAND location

shallow basins, in river flood zones, along coasts of lakes and oceans

WETLAND characteristics

may be freshwater or saltwater, may be dry part of the year

WETLAND organisms

invertebrates, shore birds, and other predators

INTERTIDAL location

area of the shore between low and high tide lines

INTERTIDAL characteristics

periodic changes in exposure to air, salinity, and temperature; pounding force of ocean waves; organisms may bury in sand or mud

INTERTIDAL organisms

large algae; small fishes; invertebrates such as sea stars, mollusks, worms, clams, and crustaceans

PELAGIC location

vast waters of the open ocean

PELAGIC characteristics

light in the upper layer, allowing photosynthesis; most organisms in this upper region, nutrient-poor water

PELAGIC organisms

phytoplankton, zooplankton, fishes, marine mammals, turtles, and squid and other invertebrates

BENTHIC/ABYSSAL location

seafloor, deepest regions are called abyssal zones

BENTHIC/ABYSSAL characteristics

no sunlight except on sloping seafloor along coasts; at lowest depths, cold temperatures and high pressure; organic matter drops from pelagic zone

BENTHIC/ABYSSAL organisms

invertebrates such as crabs and worms, and fishes; some adapted to complete darkness

CORAL REEF location

upper layers of tropical pelagic

CORAL REEF characteristics

structure built up of coral skeletons over long periods of time

CORAL REEF organisms

corals, fish, and invertebrates; high species diversity