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agenda setting
the power of the media through news coverage to focus the public’s attention and concern on particular events, problems, issues, personalities, and so on.
common-carrier function
the media’s function as an open channel through which political leaders can communicate with the public.
Framing
the process by which the media play up certain aspects of a situation while downplaying other aspects, there by providing a particular interpretation of the situation.
High-choice media system
a media system in which audiences have such a wide range of choices that they can largely control the type of information to which they are exposed.
low-choice media system
a media system in which audiences have a single daily newspaper and three televisions networks—ABC, CBS, and NBC.
News
the news media’s version of reality, usually with an emphasis on timely, dramatic, and compelling events and developments.
News media(press)
print, broadcast, cable, and internet organizations that are in the news-reporting business.
Objective journalism
a model of news reporting that is based on the communication of “facts” rather than opinions and that is “fair” in that it presents all sides of partisan debate.
Partisan function
efforts by media actors to influence public response to a particular party, leader, issues, or viewpoint.
partisan press
newspapers and other communication media that openly support a political party and whose news tends to follow the party line.
priming
the way in which the context established by media messages affects how people interpret the information they receive.
Signaling (signaler) function
the responsibility of the media to alert the public to important developments as soon as possible after they happen or are discovered.
watchdog function
the accepted responsibility of the media to protect the public from incompetent or corrupt officials by standing ready to expose any official who violates accepted legal, ethical, or performance standards.
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